Russian state scientistsRosatomhave developed a prototype plasma electric propulsion engine that promises to reduce travel time from Terra to Marte to between 30 and 60 days. Atualmente, missions with traditional chemical engines require six to nine months, exposing astronauts to prolonged risks from cosmic radiation and microgravity.
The announcement took place in February 2025, with initial tests carried out in the laboratory. The technology uses continuous acceleration of ionized particles, unlike conventional systems that rely on rapid fuel combustion.
Plasma propulsion operation
The engine operates with a magnetic plasma accelerator that ionizes hydrogen or other propellant gas. Campos Electromagnetics accelerate charged particles to speeds of up to 100 km/s.
This generates continuous and efficient thrust, with an average power of 300 kW in pulsed mode. The prototype achieved thrust of at least 6 newtons.
Tests in a vacuum chamber simulate space conditions and demonstrate durability exceeding 2,400 hours of operation.
Advantages for interplanetary missions
Shorter trips reduce astronauts’ exposure to cosmic radiation, one of the main risks on long journeys.
The efficiency reduces propellant consumption by up to ten times compared to chemical engines.
This allows for greater payload, such as scientific equipment and supplies.
- Drastic reduction in round trip time to Marte.
- Less impact on crew health due to prolonged microgravity.
- Facilitation of cargo transport missions between planets.
Essential system components
The engine relies on robust power sources such as compact nuclear reactors or advanced solar panels.
The ionization unit converts the gas into plasma.
The electromagnetic accelerator propels the particles.
Control systems ensure stability and precision during prolonged operation.
Tests and current performance
Research at the Troitsk installation uses a vacuum chamber measuring 4 meters in diameter and 14 meters in length.
Preliminary results confirm sufficient useful life for a complete mission to Marte.
The low thrust is compensated by the constant acceleration in the vacuum of space.
Next developments
Experts plan in-orbit tests to validate performance in real conditions.
Integration with nuclear space tugs aims to transport heavy loads.
Goal includes model ready for space flight by 2030.
Advances in thermal management and energy sources are a priority.
Global competition in advanced propulsion
Other countries invest in similar technologies to reduce travel times.
NASA develops nuclear thermal engines in partnership with DARPA.
Private projects, like those at SpaceX, focus on reusable chemical systems for manned missions.
Plasma electric propulsion positions efficiency advances for deep space.