NASA’s Telescópio Espacial James Webb ya sami tabbataccen shaida game da samuwar silicates crystalline a cikin fayafai na protoplanetary. Observações daga kayan aikin MIRI sun gano waɗannan lu’ulu’u a cikin yanki mai zafi a kusa da protostar EC 53, wanda ke cikin Nebulosa na Serpens, kimanin shekaru 1,300 daga Terra. Bayanan, waɗanda aka tattara a lokutan ayyukan tauraro, sun nuna cewa mai ƙarfi yana fitar da kayan jigilar kaya zuwa gefuna masu sanyi na diski.
Wannan binciken ya warware wani tsohon abin mamaki game da kasancewar silicates crystalline a cikin Sistema Solar tauraro mai wutsiya, waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna masu zafi kamar Cinturão na Kuiper da Nuvem na Oort. Lu’ulu’u na buƙatar yanayin zafi don samar da, sama da 900 K, wanda baya faruwa a wurare na waje. Abubuwan da aka lura na Webb suna nuna cewa tsarin yana faruwa a cikin ɓangaren faifai na ciki, daidai da nisa tsakanin Sol da Terra a cikin manyan tsarin.
Protostar EC 53 yana tafiya ta hanyoyin da za a iya faɗi na haɓakawa a kowane watanni 18, yana ɗaukar kusan kwanaki 100. A cikin waɗannan lokuttan, tauraro yana saurin cinye iskar gas da ƙura, yana haifar da jiragen sama da iskoki waɗanda ke fitar da sabbin silicates. Essa sauye-sauye yana ba da damar lu’ulu’u su isa yankuna masu nisa, inda za su iya haɗa kansu cikin jikin kankara kamar tauraro mai wutsiya.
Cikakken abubuwan lura tare da kayan aikin MIRI
Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) kayan aiki akan James Webb ya ɗauki cikakkun bayanai na nau’i biyu na protostar EC 53. Bayanan Esses sun nuna takamaiman kasancewar ma’adanai irin su forsterite da enstatite a cikin ƙura kusa da tauraro. Binciken taswira ya canza canje-canje yayin lokacin shiru da fashe mai aiki.
Abubuwan da aka nuna sun nuna cewa silicates crystalline suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin yanki mai zafi na ciki na diski. Ventos mai ƙarfi, wanda ya samo asali daga wannan yanki, yana aiki azaman ingantacciyar hanyar sufuri don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Zagayen aiki na protostar EC 53
Tauraruwar EC 53 tana da fashe-fashe na yau da kullun, wanda ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa suka yi nazari shekaru da yawa. Zagayowar Cada yana ɗaukar kusan kwanaki 100 kuma yana faruwa a tazarar watanni 18. Nessa lokaci, haɓakawa yana haɓaka da fitar da kaya a cikin manyan jiragen sama na pola masu sauri.
Fitar da hankali a hankali, yana fitowa daga yankin ciki na diski, yana ɗaukar sabbin silicates crystalline. Essa fitarwa yana jagorantar lu’ulu’u zuwa ƙarshen sanyi, inda yanayi ke ba da izinin samuwar tauraro mai wutsiya na gaba.
Nau’in silicates da aka gano
Abubuwan lura na Webb sun tabbatar da ma’adanai gama gari a cikin Terra tsakanin silicates crystalline. Manyan sun hada da:
- Forsterite, silicate mai arzikin magnesium sau da yawa ana samunsa a cikin duwatsun ƙasa.
- Enstatite, wani ma’adinai na silicate da ke cikin meteorites da ɓawon duniya.
- Barbashi karami fiye da hatsi na yashi, kafa a babban yanayin zafi.
Waɗannan mahadi suna wakiltar sinadarai na asali don taurari masu duwatsu. Gano Sua a cikin EC 53 yana ƙarfafa nau’ikan halittar taurari a cikin faifan matasa.
Tsarin jigilar diski
Zane-zane bisa bayanan suna nuna rabin faifan protoplanetary na EC 53. Lokaci-lokaci Outbursts yana haifar da silicates crystalline a cikin yankin tsakiya mai zafi. Ventos da jets kai tsaye barbashi sama da waje.
Lu’ulu’u suna tafiya kamar babbar hanyar sararin samaniya zuwa gefuna masu ƙanƙara. Lá, ana iya haɗa shi cikin jikin dutse da ƙanƙara a cikin samuwar. Tsarin yana faruwa akan sikelin kwatankwacinta da kewayar duniya a Sistema Solar.
Jiragen sama na Polar suna bayyana kunkuntar da sauri a cikin abubuwan lura na MIRI. Fadi kuma a hankali Outflows ya tashi daga yankin ciyarwar tauraro.
Magana a cikin Nebulosa na Serpens
Nebulosa na Serpens gida ne ga dubban protostars masu himma. EC 53 ya haɗa wannan yanayin mai cike da iskar gas da ƙura. Yankin shine shekarun haske 1,300 daga Terra kuma yana aiki azaman dakin gwaje-gwaje na halitta don nazarin haihuwar tauraro.
Fayil ɗin EC 53 ya kasance a ɓoye a cikin kayan da ba a taɓa gani ba har tsawon shekaru kusan 100,000. Colisões Tsakanin ɓangarorin ƙura da duwatsu suna gina jikkuna masu girma sama da miliyoyin shekaru.
Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin lura
Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) ya ɗauki hotunan farko na EC 53 a cikin 2024. Essas ra’ayoyin sun ba da haske a warwatse iskoki da kuma haskaka haske daga faifai. Farin rabin wata mai kusurwa yana wakiltar jeri na fita a cikin hoton.
MIRI ta samar da sifofin infrared na tsakiya don gano abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadaran. Haɗin kayan aikin ya ba da damar yin taswirar ainihin matsayi na silicates kafin da lokacin fashewa.
Ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da bugawa
Masu bincike karkashin jagorancin Jeong-Eun Lee, na Universidade Nacional na Seul, sunyi nazarin bayanan. Coautores sun hada da Doug Johnstone, daga Conselho Nacional daga Pesquisa daga Canadá, da Joel Green, daga Space Telescope Science Institute. Binciken ya fito a cikin mujallar Nature.
Ƙungiyar ta haskaka ikon Webb don bayyana takamaiman ma’adanai a sararin samaniya. Sakamakon binciken Esses yana haɗa matakai a cikin tsarin samari zuwa tsarin Sistema Solar na yanzu.
Juyin halittar gaba na tsarin
Faifan EC 53 zai ci gaba sama da miliyoyin shekaru tare da karo akai-akai. Ƙananan Grãos sun haɗa cikin duwatsu da taurarin ƙasa ko kattai na gas. Abubuwan da suka rage a hankali suna share kallon cibiyar.
Tauraro mai kama da Sol zai ci gaba da kasancewa a tsakiyar tsarin duniyar da balagagge. Silicatos ana rarraba lu’ulu’u a ko’ina cikin muhalli, gami da tauraro mai wutsiya.