Bo-rasaense ba Universidade Rice ba thehile mokhoa o fetolang litšila tsa perfluoroalkyl le polyfluoroalkyl, tse tsejoang ka hore ke PFAS, hore e be mohloli oa ho ntša lithium ho tsoa metsing a letsoai a phahameng. Ts’ebetso, e hatisitsoeng makasineng ea Nature Water, e etsa hore ho khonehe ho fumana lithium e nang le fluorinated ka bohloeki ba 99%, e loketseng ho sebelisoa libeteri tsa lithium-ion. Mokhoa oa Essa o sebetsana le mathata a mabeli a tikoloho: ho lahloa ha PFAS, e tsoelang pele tikolohong, le tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea lithium ho mahlale a tsitsitseng.
Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho kopanya khabone e kentsoeng ka granular ea PFAS-saturated granular activated le brines e ruileng ka likarolo tse fapaneng. Ka ho futhumatsa motsoako ka potlako ho mocheso o phahameng, fluoride ho PFAS e lokolla le ho tlamahanngoa le li-ion tse ntle ka tharollo, ho etsa metsoako e kang lithium fluoride. Liteko li bonts’itse ho hlaphoheloa ho fihla ho 82% ea lithium e fumanehang, e nang le tšusumetso e fokolang ea tikoloho ha e bapisoa le mekhoa ea setso ea ho ntša.
Ho kopanya lithium ena e tsosolositsoeng ho li-electrolyte tsa betri ho entse hore ho be le ts’ebetso e phahameng, e nang le bokhoni bo tsitsitseng haholoanyane ha nako e ntse e feta. Comparado ha e bapisoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng, mokhoa ona o ka hlahisa phaello ka makhetlo a mahlano, ho ea ka lipalo tsa sehlopha. Essa e ncha e tla nakong ea khaello ea lithium e boletsoeng ka 2030, e tsamaisoang ke ho eketseha ha likoloi tsa motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike.
Ts’ebetso e qaqileng ea ho ntša
Mokhoa ona o qala ka ts’ebeliso ea khabone e entsoeng ka granular, e leng thepa e sebelisoang hangata ho li-filters ho tlosa PFAS mehloling e kang foam e timang mollo. Esse carbon saturated, ho e-na le ho lahloa, e kenyelelitsoe tsamaisong e kang ea electrode moo e kopanang le metsi a letsoai a phahameng a nang le lithium le liminerale tse ling. Ho futhumala ka potlako ho likhato tse 1,000 Celsius ho ntša fluoride ho PFAS, ho e lumella hore e kopane le li-cations tse ntle tharollong.
Ka mor’a ho pholile, motsoako o entsoeng o aroloa ka ho futhumatsa ka lekhetlo la bobeli sebakeng se belang sa lithium fluoride, ka likhato tse 1,676 Celsius. Essa mohato o netefatsa bohloeki bo phahameng ba sehlahisoa sa ho qetela. Litšila tse setseng ha li na chefo, li fokotsa kotsi ea tikoloho e amanang le ho lahla PFAS.
Liphello bakeng sa indasteri ea betri
Libetri tse hlahisoang ka lithium tse ntšitsoeng ka mokhoa ona li bontšitse ho tsitsana ho hoholo ha liteko tsa nako e telele, ho boloka matla ka mor’a khoeli e le ‘ngoe ea tšebeliso. Bohloeki ba 99% bo kopana le litekanyetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le likoloi tsa motlakase. Bafuputsi ba totobatsa hore ts’ebetso ena e fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi le matla ha e bapisoa le mekhoa ea setso e thehiloeng ho mouoane oa brine.
Ho feta moo, phaello e hakantsoeng e phahame, ‘me ho na le monyetla oa ho eketsa phaello ka makhetlo a mabeli mesebetsing ea indasteri. Essa melemo ea moruo e ka khothaletsa ho adoptha bana libakeng tse nang le metsi a mangata, joalo ka likarolo tsa América, Sul le Austrália.
Liphephetso tsa tikoloho tsa PFAS le litharollo tse reriloeng
PFAS, e sebelisitsoeng ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1940 lihlahisoa tse kang liphahlo tse sa roaloang le masela a hananang le matheba, li bokellana mobung, metsing le moeeng. Estudos e bonts’a boteng ba lintho tsena lithong tsa batho le lijong, ka ts’oaetso e atileng ho baahi ba linaha tse tsoetseng pele. Agência ea Proteção Ambiental ea Estados Unidos e beha leihlo litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa likhokahano tse ka bang teng ho eketsa likotsi tsa mafu a itseng.
Mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng o fetola litšila tsena hore e be karolo ea bohlokoa, e leng ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea ho lahla ka mokhoa o sa lokelang. Ka ho sebelisa hape khabone e tletseng, mokhoa ona o fokotsa phahlo ea litšila tse chefo libakeng tsa ho lahlela lithōle le litsing tsa ho hloekisa metsi. Pesquisadores leano la ho lekanya ts’ebetso ho ea lits’ebetsong tsa indasteri, ho leka mefuta e fapaneng ea liqapi tse fapaneng tsa brine.
Tsoelopele liphuputsong tse amanang
Lihlopha tse ling li ntse li hlahloba mekhoa e meng ea ho ntša lithium, tse kang electrodialysis le banyalani ba redox, e tšepisang litšenyehelo tse ka tlase ho 40% ea tsa setso. Mekhoa ea Essas e qoba matangoana a maholo a mouoane, ho boloka mehloli ea metsi libakeng tse omeletseng. Litšenyehelo tse hakantsoeng li fapana pakeng tsa $3,500 le $4,400 ka tonne e phahameng ea lithium hydroxide, e fetolehang ho lithium carbonate bakeng sa libeteri.
Litlhahiso tsa li-solvents tse sa lefelloeng tsa PFAS bakeng sa libeteri tsa moloko o latelang le tsona li ntse li tsoela pele, tse tsepamisitseng maikutlo holim’a botsitso le ts’ebetso e sa feleng ea fluorinated. Laboratórios le Universidade le Chicago li hlahisa malapa a lihlapolli tse se nang fluorinated bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium-metal, tse reretsoeng ho fokotsa matla a mangata. Essas liphuputso li tlatsana le ts’ebeliso hape ea PFAS, e khothaletsang linako tse tsoelang pele tsa phepelo ea matla.
Melemo ea moruo le likhakanyo tsa ‘maraka
Tlhokahalo ea lefats’e ea lithium e lebelletsoe ho hola haholo ka phetoho ea matla a ka nchafatsoang. Projeções e bonts’a hore tlhahiso ea hajoale e kanna ea se kopane le katoloso ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho fihlela bofelong ba lilemo tse leshome. Métodos joalo ka ha e hlalositsoe e fana ka mokhoa o mong o sebetsang, o nang le sebaka se senyenyane sa tikoloho le ts’ebeliso e kholo ea lichelete.
Likhamphani tse lekaleng la merafo li beha leihlo lintlafatso tsena hore li hokahane le lits’ebetso tse ntseng li le teng. Litšenyehelo tse tlase li ka etsa hore lithium e be theko e tlase, tsa eketsa ho amoheloa ha mahlale a hloekileng mebarakeng e ntseng e hlaha.
Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang le liteko tsa pele
Liteko tsa pele li netefalitse katleho ea ts’ebetso tlas’a maemo a laboratori, ka ho hlaphoheloa ho tsitsitseng ha lithium ea fluorinated. Ho tsitsa ha libeteri tse entsoeng ka sesebelisoa sena ho feta taolo e sa sebetsoeng, ho fana ka maikutlo a ho tšoarella ho ntlafetseng ts’ebelisong ea ‘nete. Equipes ea lipatlisiso joale e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatso ea likala tse kholoanyane, ho lekola phapang ea mocheso le metsoako ea lik’hemik’hale.
Ho kopanya le mekhoa e teng ea ho hloekisa ho thusa ho amoheloa, ho sebelisa litšila tse tsoang mekhoeng ea ho lokisa tikoloho. Essa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa kalafo e silafetseng le ho ntšoa ha mehloli e emela tsoelopele moruong o potolohang.
Maikutlo a ho lokisa tikoloho
Ho sebelisa hape PFAS ts’ebetsong ea lithium ho sebetsana le ho phehella ha metsoako ena tikolohong ea tikoloho. E tšoanang Técnicas e senya ho fihla ho 95% ea li-bond tsa carbon-fluorine ka perfluorooctanoic acid, e li fetola hore e be mefuta e ka sebelisoang hape. Eketsa Pesquisas hlahloba maemo a electrochemical ho theola PFAS ka har’a li-electrolyte tsa betri, ho holisa likhetho tse tšoarellang tsa ho lahla.
Lintlafatso tsena li kenya letsoho melaong e thata ho PFAS, e khothaletsang liindasteri ho amohela mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa hape. Tirisanommogo magareng ga diyunibesithi le makala a poraefete e potlakisa phetogelo go ya mekgweng e e senang tshwaetso e e kalo.
Litlhahiso tse tlatselletsang ho ntšitsoeng
Mekhoa e joalo ka khetho ea khetho ea li-ion tsa lithium ho khabone e phekotsoeng ke PFAS e bonts’a ts’episo ho li-brine tse rarahaneng. Essa likarolo tse peli tse sebetsang tsa thepa li lumella ho tlosoa ha litšila le ho hlaphoheloa ha litšepe tsa bohlokoa ka nako e le ‘ngoe. Testes mefuteng e fapaneng ea matsoai e netefatsa ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ka ts’ebeliso e ka bang teng merafong le matšeng a letsoai.
Mekhoa e meng, joalo ka li-solvents tse nang le fluorinated bakeng sa libeteri, qoba PFAS ka botlalo, e khothaletsa meralo e tala. Essas lintlafatso tse kopaneng li matlafatsa ketane ea phepelo ea lithium, ho fokotsa ho its’etleha ho mehloli ea setso.
Tšusumetso ho phetoho ea matla lefatšeng ka bophara
Khaello ea khaello ea lithium ka 2030 e batla mehloli e meng. Técnicas e sebelisang hape litšila tse chefo joalo ka PFAS e fana ka litharollo tse peli, ho fokotsa tšilafalo le ho fihlela litlhoko. Países e nang le mehloli ea brine e ka u tsoela molemo moruong, ea fetola mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha.
Matsete lipatlisisong aa hola, ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho scalability le katleho. Essa mokhoa o ts’ehetsa lipehelo tsa lefats’e tsa phokotso ea mesi ka ho thusa katoloso ea likoloi tsa motlakase le polokelo ea matla e ka nchafatsoang.
Lintlha tsa tekheniki tsa mokhoa
Ts’ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho kopanya khabone e kentsoeng e nang le PFAS le brines, e lateloe ke ho futhumatsa ka potlako ho lokolla li-anion tsa fluoride. Esses li-anion li tlamella ho lithium cations, ho etsa lithium fluoride e ka khutlisoang ka distillation. Bohloeki bo fihletsoeng bo lumella tšebeliso e tobileng ea li-electrolyte, ka liteko tse bontšang botsitso bo ntlafetseng.
Ho fapana ha nako ea ho futhumatsa le mahloriso a brine ho ntlafatsa chai, ho fihlela ho hlaphoheloa ho fihla ho 82%. Resíduos Makhaola-khang ha a sebetse, a thusa ho lahloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso.
Menehelo ea sehlopha sa lipatlisiso
Sehlopha se etelletsoeng pele ke bafuputsi ba Rice University se sebelisane le litsebi tsa k’hemistri le boenjiniere ba tikoloho. Phuputso e totobatsa phetoho ea litšila tse nang le mathata ho mehloli ea bohlokoa, ho latela melao-motheo ea ts’ebetso. Publicações likoranteng tse khethehileng li netefatsa liphuputso, li khothaletsa ho pheta-pheta lilaboratoring tse ling.
Merero ea nako e tlang e kenyelletsa tšebelisano-mmoho ea indasteri bakeng sa liteko tsa masimong, ho lekola bokhoni ba sekala sa khoebo. Mokhoa oa Essa oa mekhoa e fapaneng o potlakisa lintlafatso tsamaisong ea tšilafalo le ho ntšoa ha liminerale.
