Uphononongo olutsha olupapashwe kutshanje lubonisa ukuba iikhemikhali ezaziwa ngokuba yi-PFAS zinxulunyaniswa nokuguga okukhawulezileyo kumadoda akubudala obuphakathi. Iikhompawundi, ezikhoyo kwiimveliso ezininzi zemihla ngemihla, ikakhulu zichaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nama-65 ubudala, zikhawulezisa iziphawuli zebhayoloji yobudala.
Abaphandi bahlalutya idatha kwiisampuli zegazi ezivela kubathathi-nxaxheba kuphando lwezempilo lwesizwe. Eles ichonge ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu e-PFAS afana ne-PFNA kunye ne-PFOSA anxulumana nenkqubela phambili yokuguga kwe-epigenetic, isalathisi esibonisa iminyaka yebhayoloji ukongeza kwiminyaka yokulandelelana kweziganeko.
Umahluko phakathi kwesini wawuphawuleka kwiziphumo zohlalutyo. Enquanto amadoda abonisa imibutho eyomeleleyo, abafazi babonisa iziphumo ezincinci, mhlawumbi ngenxa yeendlela zendalo zokuphelisa iikhompawundi.
Ukuvezwa kwiPFAS kunye neempembelelo zayo
Ukuvezwa kwi-PFAS kwenzeka ngamanzi angcolileyo, ukutya okupakishweyo, kunye neemveliso ezinganyangekiyo. Esses iikhompawundi ziqokelelana emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwexesha, zixhathise ukubola kwendalo kwaye ziqhubeleka kubume bendalo iminyaka.
Izifundo zangaphambili sele zinxibelelanise iPFAS kwiingxaki ezinjengotshintsho lwehomoni kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wezifo ezithile. Agora, uphando lwakutsha nje luqinisekisa ukuba ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kuvakala ngakumbi kumadoda akweli qela lobudala.
Iindlela zebhayoloji ezibandakanyekayo
Ukuguga kwe-epigenetic kulinganiswa ngeewotshi zebhayoloji ezivavanya utshintsho kwiDNA. Nos amadoda ahlalutyiweyo, amanqanaba aphezulu e-PFAS aguqula la maphawu, ekhuthaza ukuguga okukhawulezayo kwiithishu ezinjengegazi kunye namanye amalungu.
Imiba yeHormonal ibonakala inegalelo kobu buthathaka bamadoda. Ukuncipha kwe testosterone, okuphenjelelwa ziikhompawundi, kuyenza mandundu inkqubo, ngelixa abafazi besusa iPFAS ngokufanelekileyo ngeendlela ezinje ngokuba sexesheni kunye nokukhulelwa.
Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba emva kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, imibutho iyancipha kuzo zombini izini. Isso icebisa ifestile ebalulekileyo kubomi obuphakathi apho ungenelelo lothintelo lunokunciphisa iziphumo.
Imithombo eqhelekileyo yosulelo
I-PFAS isetyenziswe kwi-cookware engabambeleli, ukupakishwa kokutya okukhawulezayo kunye namalaphu angangeni manzi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950.
Amanzi okusela asuka kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke asenokuba neempawu zale michiza, ngakumbi kwimimandla yemizi-mveliso. Alimentos Ukutya okucutshungulweyo kunye nenyama ikwafunxa iPFAS kokusingqongileyo, okonyusa utyhileko lwemihla ngemihla.
Imimiselo yamva nje kumazwe amaninzi ijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezi khompawundi kwiimveliso zabathengi. Nangona kunjalo, iintsalela ezizingileyo emhlabeni nasemanzini ziyaqhubeka ukubeka imingcipheko kwimpilo yoluntu.
Izihluzi zamanzi eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nokukhetha okuqaphelayo kwemveliso kunceda ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi. Autoridades amagosa ezempilo acebisa ukuba kubekwe iliso rhoqo kwimimandla echaphazelekayo ukukhusela abantu abasesichengeni.
Umahluko ngokwesini ekuqokeleleni
Abasetyhini badla ngokukhupha iPFAS ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yemijikelo yokuzala, echaza imibutho ebuthathaka kwizifundo. Após ukuyeka ukuya exesheni, iyantlukwano yesini iyancipha, kodwa impembelelo emadodeni ihlala ibalulekile ngexesha lobudala obuphakathi.
Idatha ye-Epidemiological ibonisa ukuba amadoda aqokelela ukugxila okuphezulu egazini. Essa umahluko unokunxulunyaniswa nemikhwa yokusebenza okanye utyhileko olwahlukileyo kokusingqongileyo.
Iingcebiso zokunciphisa umngcipheko
Iingcali zicebisa ukuphepha iimveliso ngeoyile- kunye neengubo zokunganyangeki kwamanzi xa kunokwenzeka. Utilizar Izihluzi zamanzi eziphambili zisusa inxalenye yezinto ezingcolileyo, ziphucula umgangatho wokuthathwa kwemihla ngemihla.
Ukubeka iliso kubulunga bamanzi asekuhlaleni ngeengxelo ezisemthethweni ngumlinganiselo osebenzayo. Além Ngaphaya koko, ukukhetha ukutya kwe-organic kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ekupakisheni kunegalelo ekutyhilekeni okuncinci okuqokelelweyo.
Uphando lugxininisa ukubaluleka kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwePFAS kwindalo esingqongileyo. Empresas sele yamkela iindlela ezizezinye ezikhuselekileyo kwiimveliso ezintsha, ukuphendula kwiimfuno zolawulo.
Iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri zamanqanaba egazi le-PFAS ziyafumaneka kumaziko athile onyango. Esses iimviwo zinceda abantu ukuba bavavanye ukuvezwa kwabo kwaye basebenzise izicwangciso ezilungiselelwe bona.
Iimpembelelo kwimpilo yoluntu
Umanyano phakathi kwePFAS kunye nokukhula okukhawulezileyo wongeza kuluhlu lweenkxalabo ngezi khemikhali, kubandakanya amakhonkco omhlaza kunye neengxaki ze-endocrine. Autoridades Imibutho yehlabathi iqinisa iinzame zokubeka imephu iindawo ezinongcoliseko oluphezulu kunye nokuphumeza ukulungiswa.
Izifundo zexesha elide ziyaqhubeka nokubeka iliso kubantu abavezwayo ukuze baqonde iziphumo zexesha elide. Dados yovavanyo lwesizwe, olufana ne-NHANES, lubonelela ngesiseko sohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwefuthe ledemografi.
Umahluko weminyaka kunye nesini ugxininiswe kwisikhokelo sophando esijolise kumaphulo okuthintela. Homens Abantu abakubudala obuphakathi kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso bafumana ingqwalasela eyodwa kwiinkqubo zempilo yasemsebenzini.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye neendlela
Uphononongo lusebenzise iisampulu ezivela kubathathi-nxaxheba be-326 abakhethiweyo ngokungenamkhethe kwisiseko sesizwe. I-Análises yegazi ilinganise i-11 PFAS ikhompawundi kwaye yavavanya i-DNA methylome ukubala ubudala be-epigenetic.
Iiwotshi ezilishumi elinesibini ezahlukeneyo ze-epigenetic zisetyenzisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziphumo. Essa indlela eneenkalo ezininzi iqinisekise ukomelela kwizigqibo malunga nokuguga okukhawulezileyo.
Iziphumo zobalo zibonise ukubaluleka ikakhulu kumadoda aneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-65 eminyaka. Associações abancinci kwamanye amaqela obudala bomeleza ukuchana kwempembelelo kolu luhlu.
Amacebo okuthintela imihla ngemihla
- Khetha i-cookware ngaphandle kweengubo ze-PFAS zokupheka okukhuselekileyo. Opte kwimathiriyeli efana ne-ceramic okanye i-iron engakhuphi iikhemikhali eziyityhefu.
- Jonga iilebhile kwiimveliso zokucoca kunye namalaphu ukuphepha iikhompawundi ezixhathisayo. Substitua kwiinketho ze-ikholoji ezinciphisa ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo.
- Faka izihluzi kwiimpompo zokucoca amanzi asetyenziswa yonke imihla. Izatifikethi ze-Modelos ziyisusa kakuhle iPFAS, zikhusela impilo yosapho.
- Yitya ukutya okutsha endaweni yokutya okupakishweyo. Essa utshintsho lunciphisa ukungenwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezifunxwa kukupakishwa.
Inkqubela phambili kwimimiselo yehlabathi
Amazwe afana ne-Estados Unidos kunye namalungu e-União Europeia abeka imida engqongqo ekusebenziseni i-PFAS kumashishini. Imilinganiselo ye-Essas ijolise ekunciphiseni ungcoliseko lwexesha elizayo nokukhusela i-ecosystem yasemanzini.
Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe isebenzisana kuphando ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokubola ezi khompawundi. Tecnologias iimarike ezikhulayo zithembisa izisombululo zokulungisa umhlaba ongcolisekileyo namanzi.
Iinkampani zeekhemikhali zityala imali kwezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo zokutshintsha iPFAS kwiimveliso. Transições amanqanaba anciphisa iimpembelelo zoqoqosho ngelixa ebeka phambili impilo yoluntu.
Iziphumo zehomoni ezineenkcukacha
I-PFAS iphazamisa imveliso ye testosterone, echaphazela amandla endoda kwaye inegalelo ekugugeni okukhawulezileyo. Estudos inxulumanisa oku kuphazamiseka nokuhla komgangatho wedlozi kunye nokwanda komngcipheko we-oncological kumalungu okuzala.
Kwabasetyhini, imiphumo ye-hormonal iyancipha ngeendlela zendalo zokukhupha. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni, ubuthathaka obufanayo buvela, bufuna ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubonakaliswa okungapheliyo kolutsha kuqokelela umonakalo kumashumi eminyaka. Intervenções inokuthintela ukuguga okuphezulu kwiminyaka ephakathi.
Iinkcukacha ezisuka kumaqela exesha elide ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuncitshiswa kokuvezwa kukhokelela kuphuculo olunokulinganiswa kwiimpawu zebhayoloji. Estratégias yokususwa kwetyhefu kwindalo esingqongileyo izuza ukufaneleka kwiimeko zasezidolophini.
Iimbono zophando lwexesha elizayo
Uphononongo olongezelelweyo luceba ukwandisa iisampulu ukubandakanya abantu abahlukeneyo kunye nokuvavanya ungenelelo. Análises imfuzo inokuchonga imiba yokuchaphazeleka komntu ngamnye kwi-PFAS.
Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe iququzelela ukwabelana ngedatha kwiipateni zokuvezwa kwehlabathi. Esses iinzame zijolise ekusulungekiseni imifuziselo yomngcipheko kunye nokukhokela imigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo yothintelo.
Izinto ezintsha kwii-biomarkers zithembisa ukubonwa kwangaphambili kokuguga okukhawulezileyo. Aplicações iiklinikhi zinokudibanisa olu mvavanyo kuxilongo lwesiqhelo lwamadoda akubudala obuphakathi.