I-ejensi yasemkhathini yaseNyakatho Melika igcina imigomo eqinile yokuhlukaniswa nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziseduze neplanethi yethu. Para Ukuze ungene ohlwini olusemthethweni lokuqapha isayensi yezinkanyezi, indikimba yasezulwini kufanele ibe nomjikelezo obaliwe owuletha ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-7.5 ukusuka emzileni woMhlaba futhi ube nobubanzi obubonakalayo obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-150, ubukhulu obudinga ukunakwa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela iplanethi.
Indikimba yasezulwini ebhalwe ku-3I/ATLAS ihlangabezana nemibandela ethile eyibeka esigabeni esiyivelakancane kakhulu sabavakashi basemkhathini. I-Trata into yesithathu yomsuka obonakalayo phakathi kwezinkanyezi esivele itholwe amathuluzi okubuka izinkanyezi ze-Terra, elandela iziqephu ezibhalwe kabanzi zento Oumuamua kanye nenkanyezi enomsila 2I/Borisov eminyakeni edlule.
Ithuluzi lokumodela ledijithali elithuthukisiwe, elakhiwe ochwepheshe bonjiniyela besofthiwe, likuvumela ukubala okuguquguqukayo okubonakalayo kokungqubuzana okucatshangelwayo kwalo mzimba othile wasezulwini. Uhlelo olusebenzisanayo lusebenzisa idatha yangempela ebonakalayo evela kunkanyezi enomsila, njengesisindo, isivinini kanye ne-engeli yokungena, ukuze iveze imiphumela ye-kinetic, eshisayo kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okuthinta ngqo inhloko-dolobha yaseSpain.
Ukutholwa endaweni yokubuka yaseChile kanye nomzila wesikhala
Ukuhlonzwa kokuqala kwendikimba yasezulwini kwenzeka ngosuku lokuqala lukaJulayi, kusetshenziswa izibonakude zokuskena zesistimu yesixwayiso yokugcina ye-asteroid etholakala esifundeni sezintaba se-Río Hurtado, e-Chile. Izinto ezizenzakalelayo zirekhoda ukukhanya okungaqondakali, futhi izazi zezinkanyezi zabona ngokushesha ukuchezuka okujwayelekile kumzila wento ngokuhlobene nama-asteroids endawo.
I-orbithi ebalwe amakhompyutha we-observatory ayizange yethule ukugoba kwe-elliptical okuvaliwe, isici semizimba ezungeza inkanyezi yethu eyinhloko. I-Essa i-hyperbolic trajectory evulekile iqinisekise ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila yakheka ohlelweni lweplanethi oluhlukile futhi iqeda ukuwela indawo yethu ye-cosmic ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ngenxa yokusheshisa kwayo okudlulele kanye ne-engeli yokusondela, into ekugcineni izodlula umkhawulo wokudonsa kwamandla adonsela phansi kwenkanyezi yethu. Após le ndima ngokusebenzisa i-perihelion, indikimba yezulu izoqhubeka nohambo lwayo ngendlela eqondile emkhathini ojulile futhi izonyamalala unomphela ekufinyeleleni kwezibonakude ezinkulu zasemhlabeni nesikhala.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo somzimba kanye nokusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi
Izilinganiso ze-photometric ezenziwa izibonakude zasemkhathini ezizungezayo zibonisa ukuthi umongo oqinile wento unobubanzi obulinganiselwe obungamamitha angama-440. Durante ukudlula kwayo kokuqala ku-orbit yeplanethi enkulukazi yesistimu, ama-radar amabanga amade aqophe isivinini esingaguquki samakhilomitha angu-221,000 ngehora.
Ukusheshisa kwendikimba yasezulwini kwanda kakhulu njengoba isondela emthonjeni wamandla adonsela phansi enkabeni yesistimu, yafinyelela uphawu lwamakhilomitha angu-246,000 ngehora. Ijubane elidlulele lokungena ohlelweni liphakamisa ukuthi umsuka wenkanyezi enomsila uhlehlela emuva ohlelweni lwenkanyezi endala kakhulu, olunama-orbital dynamics ahlukile kunalawo abonwa endaweni.
Isikhathi sokuqondanisa kwezinkanyezi kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha
Phakathi kukaJanuwari 19 no-26, imishini ye-orbital izohlinzeka ngokuqondana kwejiyomethri okungajwayelekile phakathi kweplanethi, inkanyezi enomsila kanye nenkanyezi emaphakathi, idale izimo ezikahle zokuqoqa idatha ye-spectrometric enokulungiswa okuphezulu. I-Diferente yokubhekwa okuvamile kwenkanyezi enomsila endawo, ehlala amahora ambalwa kuphela ngenxa yokujikeleza komhlaba nokukhanya kwelanga, lo mcimbi uzogcina i-engeli yesigaba engaphansi kwamadigri amabili isonto lonke, phakathi nalesi sikhathi into izomiswa ebangeni elilingana nezikhathi ezingu-3.33 zerediyasi yomjikelezo woMhlaba. I-Especialistas ku-astrophysics iveza ukuthi lokhu kulungiselelwa kwendawo kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele emashumini eminyaka amuva nje lokunquma ngokunembile indawo ye-albedo, ukuminyana kwesakhiwo somongo kanye nokwakheka kwe-mineralogical okunembile kwe-artifact ephuma ngaphandle kwebhamuza lethu le-heliospheric, okusivumela ukuba senze imephu izakhi zamakhemikhali ezakheka ngisho nangaphambi kothuli lwethu lwamafu nothuli.
Ukuqagela kokushayisana phakathi nendawo yenethiwekhi yasemadolobheni
Idatha ephathekayo efakwe kusifanisi somthelela isungula iqanda eliphansi lokuwa kokucatshangelwa ncamashi kusikwele Puerta del Sol, indawo emaphakathi neminyene kakhulu yenethiwekhi yedolobha ye-Madri. Amandla e-kinetic aqoqwe ubuningi benkanyezi enomsila ehamba ngesivinini esinamandla angaholela ekukhululweni ngokushesha kwamandla omshini kanye nemisebe eshisayo eshisayo.
Ukuthintana ngqo noqweqwe lomhlaba kungamba ngokushesha umgodi omkhulu ongamakhilomitha angu-3.8 ububanzi. Ukujula komgodi okhiqizwe ukudluliswa kwamandla kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-439, kuguqule unomphela isimo sendawo, ithebula lamanzi kanye ne-geology yesifunda esimaphakathi sedolobha elikhulu laseYurophu.
Ukuhwamuka kwenhlabathi, izisekelo kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphezulu kuzokwenzeka ezingxenyana ze-millisecond, kudlule zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane ezitholakala ngaphakathi komjikelezo oseduze womthelela. Izindawo zokuhlala nezokuhwebelana ze-Centro, Salamanca, Chamberí, Arganzuela kanye ne-Retiro zizoyeka ukuba khona nangaphambi kokusakazwa kwegagasi lokushaqeka kwe-atmospheric.
Izibalo zezibalo zabantu ezisetshenziswa ekufanisweni kwekhompyutha zibonisa ukulahleka kwezimpilo eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili endaweni eqondile yokuhwamuka ngaphakathi kwe-crater kuphela. Neste irediyasi yokuqala yomthelela, ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla kubhekwa njengokuphelele futhi okungabuyiseki ngawo wonke amapharamitha wobunjiniyela besimanje.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okushisa kanye namagagasi okushaqeka komkhathi
Ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwamandla e-kinetic ngesikhathi somthelela kungadala ukuqhuma okushisayo okulingana nama-megatons angu-826 e-TNT, amandla abhubhisayo adlula kakhulu umthamo ohlangene wazo zonke izikhali zenuzi ezifakwe ohlwini lwamanje emhlabeni. Igagasi lokushaqeka kwe-atmospheric elizoba umphumela lizokhiqiza umfutho we-acoustic ophakeme wama-decibel angu-242, okubangela ukuphuka ngokushesha kwezitho zangaphakathi, ukopha okukhulu kanye nokuwa kwamaphaphu kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abasendaweni engamakhilomitha angu-18 ukusuka endaweni engqophamlando, okuthinta ngokuqondile omasipala abangomakhelwane nabanabantu abaningi, X1_M_X_N_N_X Alcobendas.
Ukwandiswa okunobudlova kwamagesi ashisa kakhulu kungadala imimoya engaphezulu enesivinini esikhulu esingafika kumakhilomitha amane ngomzuzwana, kushanele i-topography ngamandla anele emishini ukuze kuhlakazeke izakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe futhi kusiphule izimila endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-41. Amaphrojekthi okulingisa esayensi okuthi ukugudluzwa komoya ngesivinini se-hypersonic kuzoba yimbangela yenani elikhulu lezisulu, elilinganisela ukufa okuqondile okuyizigidi eziyi-1.7 ngenxa yesenzo somoya kuphela, kuyilapho ukudluliswa okukhulu kwamandla emhlabathini kungabangela ukushaqeka kokuzamazama kwesibili kobukhulu obungu-6.4 esilinganisweni se-X__NM0___Richter__NM0__X__L_L_L_L_L_L_L_L_L_L ukumelana nokushaqeka kwamagagasi okuqala.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuxakile nokukhishwa kwamagesi angavamile
I-Spectroscopy eyenziwa amathuluzi asemkhathini yembule isilinganiso se-atypical se-carbon dioxide namanzi kumfucumfucu wenkanyezi enomsila, iphethini ye-sublimation ehluke kakhulu kumasiginesha amakhemikhali atholakala ezindaweni zasemkhathini zendawo. Ukwehluka kwe-Essa kuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwento efwini elibandayo lemolekyuli enamazinga okushisa ahlukile kunalawo esistimu yethu.
Izinzwa zamehlo ziphinde zathola ukuphuma okuqhubekayo kwamagesi anothe nge-nickel, esikhundleni somhwamuko wensimbi ovame ukubonwa ku-coma yenkanyezi enomsila esondela enkanyezini yethu. Essa okungavamile kwe-metallurgical kunikeza abacwaningi imikhondo eqondile mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezisindayo kudiski elikude le-protoplanetary elidale into.
Imvamisa yezibalo ye-kinetic phenomenon
Amamodeli ezibalo asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela iplanethi abonisa ukuthi amathuba endikimba yasezulwini enobukhulu obufanayo nesivinini esingu-3I/ATLAS esishayisa indawo yedolobha elikhulu elinabantu abaningi aphansi kakhulu. Amarekhodi e-geological crater kanye nokuqagela kwezinkanyezi zesikhathi eside kusungula ukuthi izehlakalo ze-kinetic zalobu bukhulu obuthize zenzeka endaweni yoMhlaba ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-30,000.
