Bungwe loyang’anira zakuthambo ku North America limasunga malamulo okhwima okhudza kusanja ndikuwunika mosalekeza zinthu zomwe zili pafupi ndi dziko lathu lapansi. Para Kuti alowe pamndandanda wowunikira zakuthambo, gulu lakumwamba liyenera kukhala ndi kanjira kowerengeka komwe kamafikitsa makilomita ochepera 7.5 miliyoni kuchokera ku orbit ya Dziko lapansi ndikukhala ndi m’mimba mwake wamkulu kuposa mamita 150, miyeso yomwe imafunikira chidwi ndi machitidwe oteteza mapulaneti.
Thupi lakumwamba lotchulidwa kuti 3I/ATLAS limakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zimayiyika m’gulu losowa kwambiri la alendo obwera kumlengalenga. Trata ndi chinthu chachitatu cha demonstrably interstellar chiyambi kale wapezeka ndi zakuthambo kuonerera zida Terra, kutsatira ambiri olembedwa ndime ya chinthu Oumuamua ndi comet 2I/Borisov zaka zapitazo.
Chida chotsogola cha digito, chopangidwa ndi akatswiri opanga mapulogalamu, amakulolani kuwerengera zosinthika zakuthupi zakugunda kongoyerekeza kwa thupi lakumwamba ili. Dongosolo lothandizira limagwiritsa ntchito deta yeniyeni yochokera ku comet, monga misa, liwiro ndi ngodya yolowera, kuti iwonetsere mphamvu ya kinetic, kutentha ndi zivomezi zomwe zagunda mwachindunji ku likulu la Spain.
Kupezeka pa malo owonera zaku Chile ndi njira ya mlengalenga
Chidziwitso choyambirira cha thupi lakumwamba chinachitika pa tsiku loyamba la July, pogwiritsa ntchito makina oonera zakuthambo a asteroid omaliza ochenjeza omwe ali m’dera lamapiri la Río Hurtado, mu Chile. Zida zodzichitira zokha zinajambula kusokonezeka kwa kuwalako, ndipo akatswiri a zakuthambo nthawi yomweyo anaona kupatuka kwa chinthucho poyerekezera ndi ma asteroids akumaloko.
Njira yowerengedwera ndi makompyuta a observatory sinawonetse kutsekedwa kozungulira kozungulira, mawonekedwe a matupi omwe amazungulira nyenyezi yathu yayikulu. Essa open hyperbolic trajectory inatsimikizira kuti comet inapangidwa mu dongosolo la mapulaneti osiyana ndipo ikungodutsa malo athu a zakuthambo mofulumira kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha mathamangitsidwe ake kwambiri ndi mbali ya kuyandikira, chinthucho potsirizira pake chidzaposa malire a mphamvu yokoka ya nyenyezi yathu. Após ndimeyi kupyola mu perihelion, thupi lakumwamba lidzapitiriza ulendo wake molunjika kupyola mu danga lakuya ndipo lidzazimiririka kwamuyaya kuchokera pakufika kwa ma telescope aakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mlengalenga.
Kusanthula kapangidwe ka thupi komanso kuthamanga kwamphamvu yokoka
Miyezo ya Photometric yochitidwa ndi makina oonera zakuthambo yozungulira imawonetsa kuti pakati pa chinthucho chili ndi mainchesi osachepera 440 metres. Durante ndime yake yoyamba kudutsa munjira ya pulaneti lalikulu kwambiri la pulaneti, ma radar akutali adalemba liwiro lokhazikika la makilomita 221,000 pa ola.
Kuthamanga kwa thupi lakumwamba kunakula kwambiri pamene ikuyandikira chitsime cha mphamvu yokoka pakati pa dongosolo, kufika pamtunda wa makilomita 246,000 pa ola. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kolowera m’dongosololi kumasonyeza kuti chiyambi cha comet chinayambira ku nyenyezi zakale kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa kwanuko.
Nthawi yolumikizana ndi zakuthambo ndi kusonkhanitsa deta
Pakati pa Januwale 19th ndi 26th, orbital mechanics idzapereka mawonekedwe osowa a geometric pakati pa dziko lapansi, comet ndi nyenyezi yapakati, kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino yosonkhanitsira deta yowoneka bwino kwambiri. Diferente wa kuzipenya ochiritsira wa comets m’deralo, amene amatha maola ochepa chabe chifukwa cha kasinthasintha Dziko lapansi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chochitika ichi adzakhalabe gawo ngodya zosakwana madigiri awiri kwa mlungu wathunthu, pamene chinthu adzakhala pabwino pa mtunda wofanana 3.33 nthawi utali wozungulira dziko lapansi. Especialistas mu astrophysics amanena kuti kasinthidwe okhudza malo amapereka mwayi wapadera m’zaka zaposachedwapa molondola kudziwa pamwamba albedo, kachulukidwe structural wa pachimake ndi yeniyeni mineralogical zikuchokera za chopangidwa kuchokera kunja kuwira wathu heliospheric, kutilola mapu mankhwala zinthu zimene anapanga ngakhale pamaso pa mtambo wa fumbi gasprit.
Kugundana kwapakati pamaneti wamatauni
The thupi deta analowa mu zoyeserera mmene zimakhazikitsa pansi ziro wa zongopeka kugwa ndendende mu lalikulu Puerta del Sol, chapakati ndi wandiweyani mfundo ya m’tauni maukonde Madri. Mphamvu za kinetic zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa comet pakuyenda mothamanga kwambiri zingapangitse kuti mphamvu yamakina itulutsidwe mwachangu komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi nthawi yomweyo kukumba chigwa chachikulu chokhala ndi ma kilomita 3.8 m’mimba mwake. Kuzama kwa dzenje lopangidwa ndi kusamutsa mphamvu kukafika mamita 439, kusinthiratu malo, madzi, ndi geology ya chigawo chapakati cha European metropolis.
Kutentha kwa dothi, maziko ndi zinthu zapamtunda kungachitike m’tigawo ting’onoting’ono ta millisecond, kumiza madera onse omwe ali mkati mwa chigawo chapafupi cha kukhudzidwa. Malo okhala ndi malonda a Centro, Salamanca, Chamberí, Arganzuela ndi Retiro adzasiya kukhalapo ngakhale isanayambe kufalitsidwa kwa mafunde oyambirira a mumlengalenga.
Mawerengedwe a kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi makompyuta akuwonetsa kutayika kwa miyoyo zikwi ziwiri m’dera la vaporization mwachindunji mkati mwa chigwa chokha. Neste utali wozungulira wa mphamvu, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu kumayikidwa mtheradi komanso kosatheka kubweza ndi magawo onse aukadaulo wamakono.
Kufalikira kwa mphamvu zotentha komanso mafunde a mumlengalenga
Kutembenuka kwathunthu kwa mphamvu ya kinetic panthawi yomwe ikukhudzidwa kungapangitse kuphulika kwa kutentha kofanana ndi ma megatoni 826 a TNT, mphamvu yowononga yomwe imaposa mphamvu zonse zophatikizana za zida zonse za nyukiliya zomwe zalembedwa pano padziko lapansi. Zotsatira za kugwedezeka kwamlengalenga kungapangitse kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa 242 decibels, kuchititsa kuti ziwalo zamkati ziwonongeke, kutaya magazi kwambiri ndi kugwa kwa mapapu mwa anthu masauzande ambiri omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 18 kuchokera pachimake, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ma municipalities oyandikana nawo komanso okhala ndi anthu ambiri, X_M_X_M_X_X Alcobendas.
Kuwonjezereka kwachiwawa kwa mpweya wotentha kwambiri kukanachititsa mphepo yapamtunda yothamanga kwambiri mpaka makilomita anayi pa sekondi imodzi, kusesa malo okhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira kuphwasula nyumba za konkire zolimbitsidwa ndi kuzula zomera mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita 41. The sayansi kayeseleledwe mapulojekiti kuti kusamutsidwa kwa mpweya pa liwiro hypersonic kungakhale chinthu chimene chimayambitsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha ozunzidwa, kuyerekezera imfa zachindunji za 1.7 miliyoni chifukwa cha mphepo yokhayo, pamene kusamutsidwa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ku thanthwe kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwachiwiri kwa chivomezi chachikulu cha 6.4 pa X__NM0___Richter_NM0__X_NM0__X_NM0__X_X_NM0__X_X_NM0
Zodabwitsa za mankhwala komanso kutulutsa mpweya wosowa
Spectroscopy yochitidwa ndi zida zakuthambo idavumbulutsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa kumadzi mumchira wa zinyalala za comet, mawonekedwe a sublimation omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi siginecha zamankhwala zopezeka pazakumwamba zakumaloko. Essa kusiyana kumatsimikizira kupangidwa kwa chinthu mumtambo wozizira wa maselo okhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kosiyana ndi machitidwe athu.
Masensa opangidwa ndi kuwala adazindikiranso kutuluka kosalekeza kwa mpweya wochuluka wa nickel, m’malo mwa nthunzi wachitsulo womwe umawonedwa nthawi zambiri kukomoka kwa nyenyezi zomwe zimayandikira nyenyezi yathu. Essa metallurgical peculiarity amapereka ofufuza mwachindunji mfundo za kugawa zinthu zolemetsa mu kutali protoplanetary litayamba amene anayambitsa chinthu.
Kuwerengera pafupipafupi kwa kinetic phenomenon
Masamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu oteteza mapulaneti amasonyeza kuti kuthekera kwa thupi lakumwamba lokhala ndi miyeso yeniyeni ndi liwiro la 3I/ATLAS kugunda dera lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri ndizochepa kwambiri. Zolemba za geological crater ndi kuyerekezera kwanthawi yayitali zakuthambo zimatsimikizira kuti zochitika zapakatikati za kukula kwake kumeneku zimachitika padziko lapansi pakadutsa zaka 30,000.