Isakhiwo esimise okwephiramidi esingunxantathu esitholwe ebusweni be-Marte sivuselele izimpikiswano mayelana nemvelaphi yokwenziwa okungenzeka ibe khona kule planethi ebomvu. I-Imagens ethathwe yimishini ye-Nasa ibonisa ukwakheka okunezinhlangothi ezintathu ezilinganayo, ezitholakala esifundeni esisentshonalanga ye-Candor Chasma, ingxenye yohlelo olukhulu lwe-Valles Marineris lwe-canyon. Essa isici, esibonwe ezithombeni eziningi kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2016, sigcina ukuvumelana kuzo zonke izimo zokukhanya ezihlukene kanye nezinkathi ze-Martian. U-Pesquisadores ozimele ugqamisa umumo wejiyomethri onembile, uwuqhathanisa nosayizi we-Grande Pirâmide we-Gizé, odala ukuqagela mayelana nempucuko yasendulo emhlabeni.
Ukwakheka kuqale kwahlonzwa njenge-Keith Laney ezithombeni ezisuka kuphenyo lwe-Mars Global Surveyor. I-Análises kamuva yaqinisekisa i-symmetry ezenzakalweni zokuthwebula ezinhlanu ezihlukene, ngokuhlukahluka kwekhwalithi nama-engeli. I-Documentaristas kanye nabashisekeli babelana ngezithombe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, bekhomba ukuthi kungenzeka kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe izinhlobo ezihlakaniphile esikhathini esidlule esikude sika-Marte. Cientistas ichaza ukuthi izinqubo zemvelo zejoloji, njengokudilika komhlaba nezingqimba zamadwala eziveziwe, zikhiqiza ubujamo bejiyomethri emihosheni ejulile.
Imininingwane yendawo nezithombe ziyatholakala
I-Candor Chasma iyingxenye ye-Valles Marineris complex, isistimu ye-canyon yesibili ngobukhulu kusistimu yelanga, enobude bezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha kanye nokushona okungafika kumakhilomitha amane. Isakhiwo esingunxantathu sibonakala phakathi kwamawa aphakeme kanye nama-sedimentary deposits. I-Fotografias yemizila ibonisa ukwakheka okuhlukanisiwe, okunobuso obuyisicaba kanye nemiphetho echaziwe, ehlukile kumadwala ayindilinga avamile esifundeni. I-symmetry iyaqhubeka kungakhathaliseki isikhathi sosuku lwe-Martian noma indawo ye-orbital yama-probe.
Izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu zibonisa ukuthungwa okungaguquki ebusweni bokwakheka. Ukungabi bikho kokuguguleka kokungalingani ohlangothini olulodwa kuphakamisa ukuzinza kwe-geological ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Comparações enezinye izindawo ze-Marte ibonisa ukuthi imihosha efana nale igxilisa izici ze-angular ngenxa yokuphuka kwe-tectonic yakudala.
Izincazelo zesayensi zokuqeqeshwa
Izazi zokuma komhlaba zifaka ukubukeka kwephiramidi kuzinqubo zokuguguleka kwemvelo okunamandla ku-Marte. Ventos ukuhlukahluka okuqinile nokushisayo okushisayo kwakheka amatshe ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, okudala ama-engeli angakwesokudla kanye nobuso obuyisicaba. I-Deslizamentos ngezandlalelo ze-sedimentary ngokuvamile iveza izakhiwo ezingunxantathu ezindaweni ezifana ne-canyon. I-Estudos yokwakheka okufanayo kwamanye ama-Martian quadrants, njenge-Elysium, ikhomba kumakhoni entaba-mlilo anobuso bomoya noma amabhulokhi azungezisiwe kudaka oluhlanganiswe kancane.
I-symmetry ephawuliwe ayibonisi ukungenelela kokwenziwa. Pareidolia, into evamile yengqondo, iholela izibukeli ukuthi zitolike amaphethini angahleliwe njengezimo ezijwayelekile. Missões Ama-orbiter angaphambilini ahlonze izakhiwo ezine-polygonal nezingunxantathu esikalini sekhilomitha, ezihlale zichazwa ngokulawulwa kwamaphutha okwakheka komhlaba noma ukuguguleka okuhlukile.
Ukusabela kwakamuva nezingxoxo
Ukwabelana kwakamuva kwevidiyo ngo-Brian Dobbs kuqhubekisele phambili izingxoxo eziku-inthanethi mayelana nokwenzeka kwempilo yangaphambilini ku-Marte. I-Ele igqamise usayizi wayo oqhathanisekayo nephiramidi yaseGibhithe futhi yabuza ukuthi ngabe lesi sakhiwo sifanele uphenyo oluqondile. Outros Abacwaningi, abafana no-George Haas, bagcizelela umehluko ocacile phakathi kwamatshe emvelo nemifanekiso eqoshiwe yejiyomethri. I-Documentos yasendulo evela ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, esanda kubuyekezwa, ikhuluma ngokuhlolwa okukude okuhlobene ne-Marte, okugqugquzela ukulandisa okuqagelayo.
Izinkulumo-mpikiswano ziya ngokushuba ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, lapho abasebenzisi beqhathanisa ukwakheka namatshe esikhumbuzo asemhlabeni. I-Alguns imelela izinjongo zesikhathi esizayo zokuhlolwa okuseduze, kuyilapho ochwepheshe bephinda begcizelela ukuthi ukuhlola kwe-in-situ kuphela okungaqinisekisa ubunjalo bayo. Umphakathi wesayensi ugcina ukugxila ebufakazini bokwakheka komhlaba obungaqinisekiswa.
Umongo we-Geological we-Valles Marineris
I-Valles Marineris yakhiwa izinqubo ze-tectonic zasendulo, ezinamaphutha adala imisele ejulile. I-Candor Chasma ibonisa izingqimba eziveziwe zamadwala e-sedimentary kanye ne-volcanic, okubonisa umlando wesimo sezulu oyinkimbinkimbi. Erosão Umoya ubusa ukumodeliswa kwendawo yamanje, ukukhiqiza izici ezingu-angular ezindaweni ezivikelwe emithelelaneni evamile.
Ukwakheka kukanxantathu kuvela kwezinye izingxenye zeplanethi, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqondanisa kwe-tectonic. Ukungabikho kokulawula okuqondile ngamaphutha abonakalayo kubonisa ithonya lamalunga angaphakathi noma amaphethini okuphuka. I-Comparações enamakhoni entaba-mlilo aseduze aqinisa imvelaphi yemvelo.
Umbono wemishini engu-Nasa
Imisebenzi efana ne-Mars Global Surveyor kanye ne-Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ithwebule isakhiwo izikhathi eziningi, ihlinzeka ngedatha engaguquki. I-Sondas rover efana ne-Curiosity kanye ne-Perseverance ihlola ezinye izifunda, ibeka phambili ubufakazi bamanzi adlule kanye nokuhlala. Ukwakheka ku-Candor Chasma kuhlala kufinyeleleka kuphela ngezithombe ze-orbital, kukhawulela ukuhlaziywa okunemininingwane.
Imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo ye-orbital noma yangaphandle ingaba imephu kangcono lezi zindawo. Cientistas qhubeka nokufunda izici ezifanayo ukuze uqonde ukuvela kokwakheka komhlaba kwe-Marte. Isakhiwo esingunxantathu sisebenza njengesibonelo sendlela izinqubo zemvelo ezidala ngayo ukubukeka okuthakazelisayo.
