I-interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-C/2025 N1, isondele kakhulu ku-Júpiter kuleli sonto. Into idlule cishe amayunithi ezinkanyezi angu-0.358 isuka kuplanethi enkulukazi, ingena kafushane endaweni engu-Hill lapho amandla adonsela phansi e-Júpiter edlula khona ka-Sol. I-Essa iphaseji ivumele izindawo zokubuka ezisemkhathini nasemkhathini ukuze zithwebule idatha yokwakheka kwe-nucleus yenkanyezi enomsila kanye nekhoma.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zaqinisekisa ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila ihlala isebenza ngisho nangemva kwe-perihelion eyenzeka ngo-Okthoba 2025. Ukuncishiswa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kwakhiqiza ifu legesi nothuli olwadalula izingqimba zangaphakathi ezilondolozwe izigidi noma izigidigidi zeminyaka. I-Cientistas ihlonze ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-methanol ne-hydrogen cyanide, ama-molecule abhekwa njengezandulela zamakhemikhali ezibalulekile zezinqubo zebhayoloji.
- Kutholwe ngomhla ka-Julayi 1, 2025 ngesibonakude se-ATLAS ku-Chile.
- Isivinini se-hyperbolic sikhulu kuno-58 km/s ngesikhathi sokutholwa.
- Ukudlula kwangaphambilini ku-Marte ngo-Okthoba 2025 futhi kudlulele ku-Vênus ngoNovemba 2025.
- Ukusondela ku-Terra ngoDisemba 2025 ku-1.8 AU ngaphandle kwengozi yokuba nomthelela.
Indlela yamandla adonsela phansi ishintsha umkhondo omncane
Ukudlula ku-Júpiter kwenzeka ngomhla ka-16 Mashi, 2026. Nessa esifundeni, inkanyezi enomsila yeqe umngcele ongabonakali owaziwa ngelerediyasi engu-Hill. I-Dentro yayo, ukukhangwa kweplanethi yegesi kwaba okubusayo maqondana namandla elanga. Umthelela wamandla adonsela phansi ubangele ukuchezuka okuncane kumzila we-hyperbolic wento.
Ochwepheshe baqapha umthelela walokhu kusebenzisana. Ijubane elikhulu elihlobene, elisondele ku-66 km/s, lilinganiselwe izinguquko ezinkulu ku-orbit. Mesmo ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokufunda ukuthi imizimba ye-interstellar ixhumana kanjani ne-gas giants ngaphambi kokushiya i-Sistema Solar.
Inkanyezi enomsila manje isibheke ngaphandle kohlelo. I-Ele izowela imizila engu-Saturno, Urano kanye ne-Netuno eminyakeni ezayo. Ukuqagela kukhombisa ukuthi i-3I/ATLAS izofinyelela ifu elingaphakathi le-Oort cishe ngo-2189 kanye nonqenqema olungaphandle eminyakeni engaba izinkulungwane ezingu-8.
Ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kuvezwe imifantu isendlalelo esingaphandle
Okuphawulwe muva nje kwembule ukuthi isakhiwo esiqinile senkanyezi enomsila, esakhiwe phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka, sinemifantu. Essas ukuvuleka kuvumele ukukhishwa okulawulwayo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ungqimba olungaphandle oluvikelekile lulondoloze izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo eziye zamelana nemisebe ye-interstellar izigidigidi zeminyaka.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectroscopic kuthole i-methanol ngezilinganiso eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkanyezi ezinomsila. I-Methanol ne-hydrogen cyanide zakha izinhlanganisela ososayensi abazihlanganisa nokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-prebiotic. Okutholakele kwe-Esses kuqinisa umbono wokuthi izakhi zempilo zingahamba phakathi kwezinhlelo zezinkanyezi.
Umsebenzi wenkanyezi enomsila unyuke eduze kwe-Sol. I-Sublimation isuse ingxenye yobuso futhi yaveza ingaphakathi elicebile ngeqhwa nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo. I-Telescópios kanye ne-Hubble, Webb namalungu afanayo e-ALMA anikele ekwenziweni kwemephu ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinto ku-coma.
Idatha ye-Orbital nokubonwa okuvela kumamishini amaningi
I-Comet 3I/ATLAS into yesithathu eqinisekisiwe ye-interstellar. Ukutholwa kwe-Sua kwenzeke ngenkathi isengaphakathi kwendlela engu-Júpiter, cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-670 ukusuka ku-Sol. I-hyperbolic trajectory iqinisekise umsuka ngaphandle kwe-Sistema Solar.
Imishini yasemkhathini ilandele into ngezigaba ezahlukene. Uphenyo lwe-ESA lwe-JUICE luthwebule izithombe njengoba lubheke ku-Júpiter. Outros amathuluzi, afaka i-TESS, Swift, nama-observatories ku-Marte, aqophe ukuhluka kokukhanya nokwakheka komsila.
Ijubane lokuqala elilinganisiwe lidlule izinkulungwane ezingama-221 km/h. Mesmo ngemva kwe-perihelion ku-1.35 AU kusukela ku-Sol, inkanyezi enomsila igcine ingxenye yomsebenzi wayo. Essa ukuphikelela kubonisa ukuthi ingqikithi inezinqolobane ezibalulekile zezinto eziguquguqukayo ezivikelwe uqweqwe oluqinile.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda i-panspermia kanye ne-interstellar chemistry
Izifundo ku-3I/ATLAS zinikeza ubufakazi obuqondile ngokusatshalaliswa kwama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo emkhathini. Ukuba khona kwezinhlanganisela ezifana ne-methanol ngamanani aphezulu kuphakamisa ukuthi izindawo ezifanayo zingase zibe khona kwezinye izinhlelo zamaplanethi. Idatha ye-Esses isiza izinqubo zemodeli ezenzeka kumafu amangqamuzana akude.
Ososayensi baqokomisa ikhono lezendlalelo zangaphandle eziqinile ukuze zivikele izinto zangaphakathi emisebeni ye-cosmic. Essa ukuvikela kuvumela izingxenye zamakhemikhali ukuthi ziphile ohambweni olude lwe-interstellar. Inkanyezi enomsila ibonisa indlela yemvelo yokuthutha izandulela zempilo kuwo wonke umthala.
Ukubuka okuqhubekayo kwenzeka njengoba into ihamba. I-Dados eqoqiwe manje igcwalisa ukuhlaziya kokuqala futhi icwengisise amamodeli mayelana nokwakheka kwenkanyezi enomsila kwamanye amasistimu ezinkanyezi. Ukudlula ku-Júpiter kumake iphuzu elibalulekile lokuqoqa ulwazi ngaphambi kokusuka okuqinisekile kwe-Sistema Solar.
Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yokutholwa nokuhlukaniswa
Isibonakude se-ATLAS ku-Chile siqophe into okokuqala ngomhlaka-1 Julayi, 2025. I-Pre-discovery Imagens ihlehlela emuva kuJuni 2025. Igama elisemthethweni elithi C/2025 N1 libonisa inkanyezi enomsila engavamile etholwe ngoJulayi 2025, kuyilapho iqinisekisa isimo sesithathu se-interstellarS.
Ukuma okude kanye nokuba khona kwekhoma esebenzayo kuhlukanisa inkanyezi enomsila kuma-interstellar asteroids adlule. I-Medições isivinini kanye ne-hyperbolic orbit kususe noma yikuphi okungenzeka komsuka wendawo. Ingqikithi iveza izici eziphakamisa ukwakheka kwakudala okulondolozwe kusukela ekwakhekeni kwayo kwenye isistimu yezinkanyezi.
Ukulondolozwa kwezinto iminyaka eyizigidigidi
Uqweqwe lwangaphandle lwe-3I/ATLAS lusebenze njengesihlangu semvelo. Ela ivikele ingaphakathi ekonakalisweni okubangelwa imisebe ye-cosmic nemisebe ye-ultraviolet phakathi nohambo lwe-interstellar. I-Rachaduras yakamuva ivumele ukufinyelela okungaqondile kulezi zendlalelo ezijulile ngaphandle kokucekelwa phansi okuphelele kwesakhiwo.
Izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezitholiwe zihlanganisa ama-molecule abamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni okwenza ama-amino acid noshukela ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri ezilingisayo. Ingxenye ephezulu ye-methanol ebonwe kumaseshini e-ALMA imangaze abacwaningi. I-Esses imiphumela yesikhundla 3I/ATLAS njengenye yezinkanyezi ezinomsila kule nhlanganisela eyake yafundwa.
Umsebenzi we-sublimative uyaqhubeka ngisho kude ne-Sol. I-Ela ibonisa ukuthi i-nucleus isakhipha amagesi ngenani eliphansi. I-Essa ukukhishwa kancane kancane kunikeza iwindi elengeziwe lokubhekwa kwe-spectral ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ekuqapheni into
Imishini yasemhlabeni neyemkhathi igcina ukugada phezu kwenkanyezi enomsila. Ukuchezuka okudalwe yi-Júpiter kuzokalwa ngokunembile eminyakeni ezayo. Ushintsho lwe-Qualquer ku-trajectory luzosiza ukwenza ngcono izibalo mayelana nomsuka nendawo yokugcina ye-3I/ATLAS.
Ososayensi bahlela ukuqhathanisa idatha evela ku-3I/ATLAS naleyo evela ku-1I/ʻOumuamua kanye no-2I/Borisov. I-Diferenças ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali iveza ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwezinto ze-interstellar. Essa ukuqhathanisa kukhulisa ukuqonda kwe-organic chemistry esikalini se-galactic.
Inkanyezi enomsila iyaqhubeka nendlela yayo engenabungozi eya kumaplanethi angaphakathi. Uhambo lwe-Sua lubonisa ukuthi izinto zakuqala zingafuduka kanjani phakathi kwamasistimu ezinkanyezi futhi zibe nomthelela ekwahlukeni kwamakhemikhali e-cosmic.
