Vazivi vemuchadenga vaidzoka kubva kunzvimbo diki dzemuchadenga vakaratidza shanduko isingatarisirwe muropa ravo, kusanganisira somatic mutations muhematopoietic stem masero ane basa rekugadzira masero eropa. Essas shanduko dzinosanganisira kukurumidza kuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa uye kusagadzikana kweplatelet, izvo zvinogona kuguma nekugara kweanemia nekupora kunosvika gore mushure mekudzoka kuTerra. Zvakawanikwa zvakanyorwa muboka revazivi vemuchadenga gumi nevana Nasa vakapinda mundege dzinotora avhareji yemazuva gumi nemaviri pakati pa1998 na2001, nemasampuli akatorwa kare, pakarepo mushure mekumhara uye mumazuva akatevera.
Kuratidzira kune cosmic radiation uye microgravity inoratidzika sechinhu chikuru chekuchinja uku muhematopoietic system. Mesmo Mumishoni dzenguva pfupi, muviri wemunhu unoratidza miganhu mukujairana nemhoteredzo yemuchadenga, izvo zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekuita nzendo refu. Cientistas tarisisa izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti unzwisise zvirinani kuti chipenyu chinopindura kusavapo kwekudzivirirwa kwemhepo kubva kuTerra.
Mutation muhematopoietic stem masero akaonekwa mune zvese zviitiko zvakaongororwa
Vatsvakurudzi vakacherechedza clonal hematopoiesis mune akati wandei evazivi venyeredzi vakaongororwa, mamiriro ezvinhu umo masero eropa anonyanya kugadzirwa neamwechete mutated clone. Essa mamiriro haaratidzi kurwara nekukasika, asi anoda kugara achiongororwa mukati mebasa rose remushandi.
Avhareji yezera revatori vechikamu mukudzidza yaive makore makumi mana nemaviri, uye ingangoita 85% yeboka rakaumbwa nevarume uye vazhinji pamisheni yavo yekutanga yemuchadenga. Todos vaionekwa vaine hutano uye vakadzidziswa zvakasimba vasati vabhururuka. Iwo masampula akaburitsa kuti somatic shanduko yakabuda kana kuwedzera mushure mekuratidzwa munzvimbo.
Kuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunowedzera munzvimbo ye microgravity
Miviri yevazivi vemuchadenga inoparadza masero matsvuku eropa pamwero unokurumidza panguva yemishoni, izvo zvinobatsira kuperevedza kweropa kunoramba kuripo kunyangwe mushure mekudzoka. Kuwedzera Estudos kunoratidza kuti huwandu hwekuparadza hunogona kusvika pa54% kumusoro pane hunoonekwa muTerra.
Uku kukwidziridzwa kwehemolysis kune hukama zvakanangana nemamiriro emuchadenga, sekugovaniswazve kwemvura dzemuviri uye kufurira kwemwaranzi. Kudzoreredza kuzere kwehuwandu hwesero reropa uye kushanda kunotora nguva yakati rebei, izvo zvinomiririra dambudziko rekugadzirisa kune zvikwata zvinoronga kugara kwenguva refu.
Iyo data inosimbisa kudiwa kweakawanda kazhinji ekutarisa ropa mapuroteni panguva uye mushure memishoni. Equipes Vanachiremba vava kuongorora nzira dzekudzikisa mhedzisiro idzi kuburikidza nekugadzirisa mukudzidziswa kana kupindira chaiko kwekudzivirira.
Platelet kusagadzikana uye njodzi dze coagulation dysregulation
Shanduko dzemaplatelet dzakaonekwawo muvazivi vemuchadenga vakaongororwa, zvichisimudza kushushikana pamusoro pekugona kuenzana mukugwamba kweropa. Esses kusawirirana kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuumbwa kwegwamba kana, zvakasiyana, mhinduro dzisina kukwana kune kukuvara.
Iyo ionizing radiation iripo muchadenga inobatsira mukukuvadzwa kweiyo genetic material ye stem cell, ichimhanyisa maitiro ayo mu Terra anoitika zvishoma nezvishoma nekuchembera kwepanyama. Yenguva refu Missões inosimudzira kuratidzwa uku.
Cosmic radiation sechinhu chikuru chekuchinja kwakacherechedzwa
Kusavapo kweMagineti yePasi kunosiya vazivi vemuchadenga vari panjodzi yekukwirisa mwero wegalaxi cosmic mwaranzi, inopinda mungarava nezviteshi zvemuchadenga. Esse mhando yemwaranzi inokuvadza DNA uye inokanganisa kushanda kwemaseru ane chekuita nekuvandudzwa kweropa.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura nehematopoietic stem masero akatumirwa kuEstação Espacial Internacional zvinosimbisa kuchembera kwema molecular kana zvakafumurwa kwenguva ye32 kusvika ku45 mazuva mumicrogravity. Makaka anosanganisira kuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwesero, kuwedzera kuzvimba uye kupfupisa telomere.
Hany’a nezve mamisheni akaitwa kwenguva refu se Marte
Nzendo dzekuenda kuMarte dzinoda mwedzi ingangoita mitanhatu kusvika mipfumbamwe uri munzira kuendako, uchiramba uchiratidzwa zvinhu zvakafanana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinoonekwa mundege pfupi. Huwandu hwezviitiko izvi mukati merwendo rwakakwana rwekubva, kugara nekudzoka kunomiririra njodzi yakawandisa yeropa revashandi uye immune system.
Masangano emuchadenga ari kusimbaradza tsvakiridzo kuti agadzirise kudzivirira kwemwaranzi uye maprotocol ekurapa anobvumira kupindira kwekuzvimiririra kana paine matambudziko. Kuongorora masampula eropa munguva chaiyo panguva yekufamba nendege chinhu chakakosha muzvirongwa zvazvino.
Kubuda muchipatara paEstação Espacial Internacional kunoburitsa njodzi chaidzo
Yekutanga kurekodhwa kubviswa kwekurapa paEstação Espacial Internacional gore rino inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chekuti matambudziko ekurapa ari muchadenga haasi ekufungidzira chete. Situações izvo muTerra zvingave zvenguva dzose zvinoda kurongeka kwakadzama kana zvikaitika kure nerubatsiro rwechipatara.
Zvikamu izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekufambira mberi kwemushonga wemuchadenga kutsigira kwete chete nyanzvi dzemuchadenga, asiwo mishoni dzeramangwana nevakuru kana vanhuwo zvavo. Ikozvino kutariswa kuri pakunzwisisa maitiro ebhayoloji ekugadzira nhanho dzinoshanda.
- Kutarisisa somatic shanduko muma stem cell pamberi uye mushure mekufamba nendege
- Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa panguva dzemishoni
- Kuongororwa kweplatelet basa uye coagulation mune microgravity nharaunda
- Kuvandudzwa kwemashure-ndege ekudzoreredza mapuroteni anogara kusvika gore rimwe
- Cosmic radiation yekudzivirira bvunzo mune zvepasi simulators
Kudiwa kwekuenderera mberi bvunzo mukati mebasa remuchadenga
Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuongororwa ropa nguva nenguva kune vese nyanzvi dzinobatanidzwa mundege dzemuchadenga, zvisinei nenguva yebasa. Essa nzira inobvumira kukurumidza kuona misiyano inogona kushanduka kuita mamiriro akaomarara nekufamba kwenguva.
Kuunganidza data kubva kune akawanda mishoni kunobatsira kuvaka mufananidzo wakajeka wezvekuwedzera kukanganisa kwekuratidzwa kwenzvimbo. Equipes Masangano epasi rese anoshandira pamwe kuenzanisa nzira dzekuongorora uye kugovana zvabuda zvakachengeteka.
Tsvagiridzo nevazivi vemuchadenga vaibhururuka panguva dzakasiyana inobatsira kunatsa mamodheru ekufungidzira nezvehutano mumamishini anotevera. Esses kuedza kwakanangana nekuona kuti vashandi vanochengeta mamiriro emuviri akakwana kuti asangane nezvinangwa zvesainzi uye zvekushanda muchadenga.