Indikimba yasezulwini esanda kutholwa, ebhekwa njenge-interstellar comet 3I/Atlas, ithuthukela ku-Sistema Solar ngesivinini esirekhodiwe samakhilomitha angama-57 ngomzuzwana. Observações Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwesayensi yezinkanyezi luqinisekisa ukuthi into ayizange iqhamuke endaweni yelanga, kodwa isuka ohlelweni lwezinkanyezi ezikude, ihamba emkhathini ojulile izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuwela umzila wamanje woMhlaba.
Ukutholwa kwalesi sivakashi se-cosmic kuphawula umzuzu obalulekile wesayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje, kusungula i-3I/Atlas njengento yesithathu eqinisekisiwe ephakathi kwezinkanyezi ukuwela isifunda sethu sasemkhathini. Izibonakude ezinembe kakhulu zilandelela indlela yenkanyezi enomsila nsuku zonke, zinikeza idatha ebalulekile yokubalwa okunembile komjikelezo wayo nezici zomzimba eziyisisekelo.
Ngokungafani nezindikimba zasezulwini ezizungeza i-Sol ngendlela eyi-elliptical, lenkanyezi enomsila ine-hyperbolic trajectory echazwe kahle. I-Essa isici sejiyomethri siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi enkanyezi yethu ngeke anele ukuyithwebula noma ukuyigcina ku-orbit, ukuyivumela ukuthi iqhubeke nohambo lwayo oluya emkhathini wezinkanyezi ngemva kokusondela eduze.
Amandla we-hyperbolic trajectory kanye nesivinini somzimba wasezulwini
Ijubane elidlulele le-3I/Atlas lingenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezifakazela umsuka wayo ngaphandle kwe-Sistema Solar. I-Enquanto ama-comets wendawo afinyelela isivinini esiphezulu kuphela ku-perihelion, isivakashi se-interstellar sesivele singene ku-heliosphere ngamandla e-kinetic aphakeme kakhulu kune-velocity yendawo yokuphunyuka.
Ngezinjongo zokuqopha izinkanyezi, ososayensi baye bathola ukuqhathanisa okuqondile phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zezinkanyezi ezaziwa kuze kube manje. Imininingwane eqoqwe ama-ejensi asemkhathini ibonisa izilinganiso ezinembile zejubane lokusondela lendikimba ngayinye yasezulwini eqashwe ngeso lokhozi.
– Oumuamua uqophe isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-26 ngomzuzwana.
– Borisov uhambe ngamakhilomitha angu-33 ngomzuzwana.
– I-3I/Atlas idlula ezangaphambili ngamakhilomitha angama-57 ngomzuzwana.
Inqubo yokukhipha kanye nemvelaphi kumasistimu ezinkanyezi ezikude
Ukwakheka nokuxoshwa okulandelayo kwezindikimba zasemkhathini njenge-3I/Atlas kwenzeka phakathi nezigaba zesiphithiphithi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zamaplanethi ezikude. Amamodeli e-astrophysical abonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamandla adonsela phansi namaplanethi amakhulukazi wegesi noma ukudlula eduze kwezinye izinkanyezi kungasebenza njengama-slingshots emvelo, kukhiphe inkanyezi enomsila nama-asteroid aphume emizileni yawo yasekuqaleni. Além Ngaphezu kwalokho, izehlakalo eziyinhlekelele njengokuqhuma kwe-supernova zikhiqiza amagagasi okwethuka akwazi ukushanela izinto eziseceleni emkhathini ojulile wezinkanyezi.
Lapho sezikhululiwe ethonyeni lamandla adonsela phansi ezinkanyezi ezingabazali bazo, lezi zinto ziqala uhambo olungazodwa olungahlala ingunaphakade ngokwesilinganiso se-cosmic. Isikhala esiphakathi kwezinkanyezi, nakuba sisikhulu futhi sibonakala singenalutho, siyikhaya lenani elingenakubalwa lemizimba ezulazulayo efana ne-3I/Atlas. Amathuba okuthi enye yalezi zinto eyeqa ngqo indlela ye-Sistema Solar aphansi ngokwezibalo, okwenza ukutholwa ngakunye kube yithuba elingandile lokutadisha ngokuqondile izinto ezakhiwe kwezinye izifunda ze-Via Láctea.
Imiphumela ye-solar gravity ngesikhathi sokusondela
Ukudlula kwenkanyezi enomsila phakathi kwe-Sistema Solar yangaphakathi kubangela into ebonakalayo eyaziwa ngokuthi usizo lwamandla adonsela phansi noma umphumela we-slingshot. Isisindo esikhulu se-Sol sisebenza entweni, igoba umzila wayo woqobo nge-engeli ethile ebalwa ama-observatory.
Nakuba lokhu kuxhumana kugoba indlela ye-3I/Atlas, amandla adonsela phansi elanga awakwazi ukwehlisa isivinini senkanyezi enomsila ukuze afike endaweni yokubamba. Amandla e-kinetic ento ahlala ekhona kuyo yonke inqubo yezokuthutha.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzisa amamodeli ekhompuyutha athuthukisiwe ukubikezela iphuzu eliqondile lendlela eseduze kakhulu ye-Sol. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi, esithatha amasonto ambalwa, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kufinyelela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu.
Ngemva kokuchezuka kwamandla adonsela phansi, inkanyezi enomsila izuza indlela entsha maqondana nesikhungo se-galaxy. Ukubhekwa kwesikhathi sangempela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwedatha ye-orbital kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectroscopic kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesivakashi
I-Spectroscopy isebenza njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokudalula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-3I/Atlas ngaphandle kwesidingo semishini ebonakalayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuvezwa i-coma yenkanyezi enomsila kuhlukaniswe ngamaza amaza, okuveza amasignesha ayingqayizivele ezakhi ezikhona esakhiweni sayo.
Imiphumela yokuqala ikhomba izilinganiso ze-isotopic ezihluke kakhulu kuzinto ezitholakala ku-Sistema Solar comets. Essa ukwehlukana kwamakhemikhali kuqinisa ukuhlukaniswa kwento njengesihambi sangempela esiphakathi kwezinkanyezi, sithwala amabhlokhi wokwakha asuka emazweni akude.
Ukuqhathaniswa nokuziphatha kokusheshisa kwe-Oumuamua
Ucwaningo lwe-3I/Atlas ludonsela kakhulu ezifundweni ezifundwe ngesikhathi sokudlula kwe-Oumuamua esikhathini esedlule. Emcimbini we-Naquela, isivakashi sokuqala esiphakathi kwezinkanyezi sibonise ukusheshisa okungalindelekile okungadonsela phansi njengoba sisuka ku-Sol.
Incazelo yesayensi eyamukelwe kakhulu yento engu-Oumuamua ibandakanya ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogen noma ezinye izakhi eziguquguqukayo ezivaleleke ngaphakathi kwento. Ukushisa kwelanga kwenza lezi zinto zokwakha zibe ngaphansi, kwakheka ukusunduza kwemvelo okufana nalokhu kwenjini encane yokushayela.
Abacwaningi manje baqapha i-3I/Atlas ngokuziphatha okufanayo kwe-thermodynamic. Ukutholwa kwamajethi egesi noma ukwakheka komsila we-cometary ophinyiselwe kuzohlinzeka ngedatha yobufakazi ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi semizimba eyakhiwe kwezinye izinkanyezi.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngama-observatory aphansi nasemkhathini
Iwindi lethuba lokufunda i-3I/Atlas lidinga ukusebenzisana komhlaba wonke phakathi kwezinsiza zeplanethi eziyinhloko zezinkanyezi kanye nezibonakude zasemkhathini ezizungezayo. I-Observatórios etholakala ku-Chile, Havaí kanye ne-Ilhas Canárias iqondisa amathuluzi abo ngokuvumelana ukuze ithwebule izinhlobonhlobo zokukhanya ezikhishwa noma ezivezwa inkanyezi enomsila. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalawa manethiwekhi etheleskopu kuvumela ukuqapha okungaphazamiseki, kunxephezele ukujikeleza kwe-Terra kanye nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu sasendaweni. Idatha eluhlaza eqoqiwe icutshungulwa ngokushesha amakhompiyutha amakhulu, ahlunga umsindo wangemuva futhi ahlukanise isignali entweni ye-interstellar. Essa Ithimba lezesayensi lamazwe ngamazwe aligcini nje ngokwenza imephu umkhondo wamanje ngokunemba kwemilimitha, kodwa futhi ligcina kungobo yomlando ama-terabyte olwazi lwe-photometric kanye ne-astrometric oluzogqugquzela ucwaningo lwezemfundo emashumini eminyaka ezayo, kudala ngemva kokuba inkanyezi enomsila inyamalele ebumnyameni bendawo engaphandle.
Uhambo lokugcina olubheke emkhathini ojulile
Ekupheleni kwesigaba esiphezulu sokusondela, i-3I/Atlas iqala uhambo lwayo oluqinisekile lokuphuma ku-heliosphere. Isivinini esingaguquki siqinisekisa ukuthi into izogcina ukunyakaza kwayo okungapheli phakathi kwe-interstellar void, ngaphandle kokubuyisela okulindelekile esifundeni sethu somthala.
Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwama-comet asendaweni nawe-interstellar
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezingu-Sistema Solar kanye nezivakashi zangaphandle usekulondolozeni izici zazo zangempela. Enquanto Imizimba yasendaweni ibe nomthelela omkhulu emisebeni yelanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ze-interstellar zahlala zifriziwe kuziro ngokuphelele wesikhala esijulile.
Lokhu kulondolozwa okushisayo kuguqula i-3I/Atlas ibe yikhephusuli yesikhathi esingaguquki. Ukutadisha ubuso bayo kanye negesi ekhishwayo kunikeza ososayensi umbono oqondile wezimo zamakhemikhali ezikhona kudiski ye-protoplanetary yesistimu yenkanyezi ehluke ngokuphelele kweyethu.
