Ukuba khona kwekhodi etafuleni ku-Sexta-Feira Santa kuyisiko eligxilile emindenini eminingi yamaKhatholika aseBrazil, umkhuba ngezinye izikhathi ophakamisa imibuzo mayelana nencazelo yawo nokuhlobana kwawo ezikhathini zangaleso sikhathi. Umkhosi wokungayidli inyama ebomvu phakathi no-Quaresma, noma ikakhulukazi Semana Santa, ufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngosuku olwandulela u-Páscoa kanye nezibiliboco eziwuphawu, okukhethwa kukho, kwabanye, okubonakala kungqubuzana nomoya wokuzithiba nokuzidela ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme. Esse simo sikhuthaza ukucabanga ngemvelaphi yalo mkhuba wokupheka, osephenduke insika yemikhosi yenkolo yaminyaka yonke kuleli zwe, nokuthi uhlanganiswe kanjani phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, udlula imikhuba yokudla elula futhi uhlolisisa ezingqimbeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando namasiko.
Ingxoxo emayelana nokudliwa kwe-cod, evame ukubiza kakhulu kunenyama ethile, igqamisa umbono wokuthi ukuzithiba kufanele kuhambisane nezenzo zokupha, njengokunikela ngalokho okulondoloziwe kulabo abakudinga kakhulu. Tal umbono uphakamisa ukuthi inkolo kufanele idlulele ngale kokuncishwa ukudla okulula, ukuxhuma nenjongo enkulu yobumbano nosizo. Essa Umbono obalulekile ubonakala ngesikhathi sezinselele zomnotho, lapho ukufinyelela kokudla okuyisisekelo sekuvele kuwubunzima engxenyeni ethile yabantu.
Nokho, umlando waleli siko unezici eziningi futhi uyinkimbinkimbi, unezimpande ezithatha amakhulu eminyaka futhi uhlangana namathonya amasiko nenkolo. Para Ukwembula ukuthi kungani i-cod ithatha le ndima ehamba phambili ku-Sexta-Feira Santa, kuyadingeka ukuhlolisisa izici ezidlula umnotho, uhlole izinsika ezisekela lo mkhuba othize.
Indima yamakoloni amaPutukezi kanye nomkhuba wokuzila ukudla
Ithonya elinamandla le-Portugal njengezwe elibuswa yikoloni lika-Brasil lingenye yezinsika ezimaphakathi zokuqonda ukufakwa kwe-cod kusiko le-gastronomic kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi kumongo wenkolo. Kodwa-ke, incazelo ayigcini nje kumagugu amasiko amaPutukezi. Há kanye nesici esingokwemvelo sekhodi yokuba umkhiqizo ongagcinwa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesidingo sesiqandisi, okwakungumahluko obalulekile ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Ngokomlando, umkhuba wokuzila ukudla uyisiqalo sokuqonda ukuzithiba enyameni. Desde Emakhulwini okuqala obuKristu, ukuncishwa kokudla kwakubhekwa, kodwa ngaphandle kokugxila ekudleni okuthile. Umcwaningi womlando wamaKhatholika ku-Pontifícia Universidade Gregoriana we-Roma, Mirticeli Medeiros, uchaza ukuthi ku-Idade Média lapho imithetho yokuzila iqala ukuthatha indlela echazwe kakhudlwana, isungula umkhuba wokuzithiba nokuzithiba.
Umqondo wokuzila wawumele uhlobo lokuzikhandla nokulawula ubumnandi bomuntu, obulingana nomhlatshelo we-Jesus esiphambanweni. Essa ukuqonda kuqiniswa isazi-mlando, isazi sezenkolo nesazi sefilosofi Gerson Leite ka-Moraes, ka-Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, oxhumanisa ukuzila kwamaKhatholika nesakramente lokuphenduka, okungukuthi, umhlatshelo wezono nokubuyisana. Deus. Quaresma, njengenkathi yokuthethelelwa kanye nokwakha kabusha, iba yisiteji esihle salokhu ukuzithiba.
Uphawu lwezinhlanzi kanye nokuvinjelwa kwenyama ebomvu
Imvume yokudla izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla kwamaKatolika nayo inomfanekiso ocebile. Ngokwengqikithi yomlando Jesus, izinhlanzi zaziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwemiphakathi engu-Oriente Médio eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, futhi abalandeli abaningi bokuqala abangu-Jesus babengabadobi. Embora Nakuba bungekho ubudlelwano obucacile obuqondile phakathi kwalawa maqiniso kanye nokushintshisana kwenyama yezinhlanzi, ukuxhumana kuyasungulwa kwezinye izingqimba.
NgesiGreki sasendulo, igama elithi inhlanzi lalithi “ichthys”. Cristãos Primitives, ababephila ngaphansi kokushushiswa, bamukela izinhlanzi njengophawu oluyimfihlo, enikeza igama isifinyezo esinamandla: Iesous Christos Theou Yios Soter, okusho ukuthi “uJesu Cristo, Filho kusukela ku-876543281094, 876543281094, 876543281094, 876543281094.” Assim, ukudliwa kwezinhlanzi kudlule umsoco nje, okufaka incazelo ejulile ye-Christological kanye nobuwena kwabathembekile. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokuchaza “inhlanzi” ngokwenkolo kuholele ekuchazeni okuthakazelisayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuvinjelwa kwenyama ebomvu, kwaphawulwa ngekhulu le-13 yisazi sefilosofi nesazi sezenkolo São Tomás sika-Aquino. Ele saveza inyama njengokunye kokudla okujabulisa kakhulu, okuhlobanisa inyama kanye “nokudliwa kwayo” nokudla kwayo. Ukuzithiba, ngalo mqondo, kwakusho ukuzincisha okuthile okunikeza ukwaneliseka okukhulu, okuhambisana nomqondo wokuzisola nokulahla. Essa imfundiso yenkolo kancane kancane yafakwa emithethweni ethi Igreja.
Imibhalo efana no-Regra ka-São Bento, kusukela ekhulwini lesi-6, kakade yayidinga ukuthi izindela zidle inyama kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zesidingo noma impilo. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ama-synodi angu-Igreja aphikisana kakhulu ngalesi sihloko, aze abuza ukuthi inyama egayiwe, njengenyama egayiwe noma i-ham, izolahlekelwa “impahla yazo yenyama” futhi ingadliwa. Umkhuba “wokuzila ukudla okhuni”, ngokuzithiba inyama ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zonyaka, wawuvamile ku-Idade Média, futhi imithetho yamanje iqukethwe emibhalweni ethi Vaticano: Código ka-Direito Canônico ka-19166 ka-2916 kanye ne-2916 ka-2916 Papa Paulo VI.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi izizathu zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zenyama nokuvumela izinhlanzi ngokuvamile zivusa izakhi ezifana “negazi elibandayo” lezinhlanzi ngokungafani “negazi elifudumele” lezinkomo nezinkukhu. Ama-nuances ekuchazeni ukuthi yini eyakha “inhlanzi” esimweni sezenkolo angaguquguquka futhi kwesinye isikhathi ahluke ekuhlukaniseni ngokwesayensi. Existem imibiko yomlando yababhishobhi abamemezela izilwane ezifana nezingwenya, ama-capybara kanye nama-beaver “njengezinhlanzi” zabathembekile bezifunda zabo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ku-Quaresma, okubonisa ukuguquguquka kwemithetho ezimeni ezahlukene zamasiko nezindawo.
Ukufika kwe-cod ku-Brasil kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo
Ngaphandle kobudlelwane obuqinile be-cod ne-Sexta-Feira Santa, Igreja Católica ayinayo incwadi kadokotela ethile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ukusatshalaliswa nokuhlanganiswa kwe-cod no Brasil njengesidlo esivamile salolo suku ngokuqondile kubangelwa ithonya lamasiko asePutukezi. Ububiliboco bethulwa kuleli zwe ngekhulu le-19, futhi ukuduma kwakho kubangelwa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokulondoloza isikhathi eside.
Esikhathini sangaphambi kwesiqandisi, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo saseBrazil lapho Quaresma kwenzeka khona ehlobo, impilo yeshalofu yecod enosawoti kanye nengenawo amanzi yayiwusizo olukhulu. I-Isso ivumele abathembekile ukuthi bayidle kuyo yonke i-Quaresma ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngomonakalo, ukuyiguqula ibe inketho esebenzayo futhi ethengekayo yokubuka ukushesha. Portanto, ukukhethwa kwe-cod kwakungeyona indaba yokholo ekujuleni, kodwa ngenxa ye-pragmatism ehlanzekile.
Ukufika kwenkantolo yamaPutukezi ngo-1808 kwasheshisa ukwethulwa kwe-cod ekudleni kwaseBrazil. Aos abambalwa, ubumnandi baqala ukutholakala ezitolo zezimpahla ezomile, butholakala kakhulu kubantu. Ukuzisola, okubonwa njengokulalela ngokuzithandela isikhashana sokuzindla nokuzidela, kutholwe i-cod iyindlela engokoqobo nengokwesiko yenyama ebomvu.
Kusukela esikweni lezenkolo kuya ekuguquguqukeni kwemakethe
Isiko lokuzithiba enyameni ebomvu, elethwa amakholoniyali angamaPutukezi, lagcizelelwa ngokufika kwenkantolo ngo-Brasil. I-cod, eyingxenye ye-cuisine yesiPutukezi futhi kulula ukuyigcina, yafakwa ngokwemvelo kulo mongo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mkhuba wanikezwa incazelo entsha futhi waba yingxenye ejulile yokwaziswa kwamasiko nenkolo yaseBrazil. Ithonya lobuKatolika kusukela ekubunjweni kwamakoloni kanye nesiqondiso sabapristi bendawo kwaqinisa ukugcinwa kwabathembekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cod, ekuqaleni okuxhunywe nezici zenkolo nokongiwa kwemvelo, kwathola amandla ngokushesha emakethe. Emphakathini wonxiwankulu, uma umkhiqizo uba yingxenye yesiko lamasiko eligxilile, uba yimpahla. Isidingo esikhulayo se-cod ku-Quaresma futhi, ikakhulukazi, ku-Sexta-Feira Santa, sidale i-niche yemakethe enamandla, lapho abathengisi nabathengi beqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo. Okwaqala njengesidingo esingokoqobo nomthetho wenkolo manje kuqhutshwa ukushintsha kwezentengiselwano, okujabulisa abahwebi bezinhlanzi ababona ukuthengiswa kwazo kukhula ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngakho-ke umlando we-cod ku-Sexta-Feira Santa uyisiphithiphithi sokholo, isiko, umlando kanye nomnotho, okhombisa ukuthi amasiko akhiwa kanjani, ajwayelane futhi aphikelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, egcina ukuhlobana kwawo kokubili ezingeni likamoya nasezimpilweni zabantu zansuku zonke.