Kuvapo kwekodha patafura paSexta-Feira Santa itsika yakadzika midzi mumhuri dzakawanda dzechiCatholic dzeBrazil, tsika iyo dzimwe nguva inomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pezvinoreva uye kukosha kwayo munguva dzazvino. Kuchengetwa kwekusadya nyama tsvuku panguva yeQuaresma, kana kuti Semana Santa, kunopera zuva risati rasvika Páscoa nechiratidzo chinonaka chinonaka, sarudzo iyo, kune vamwe, inoita seinopesana nemweya wekurega uye kuzvipira nekuda kwepamusoro-soro. Esse scenario inokonzeresa fungidziro yekwakabva tsika iyi yekubika, yave mbiru yemhemberero dzechitendero chegore negore munyika, uye kuti yakasimbiswa sei kwemazana emakore, ichipfuura miitiro yakapfava yekudya uye kunyura mune yakaoma nhoroondo uye tsika.
Hurukuro pamusoro pekudyiwa kwekod, iyo inowanzodhura kupfuura dzimwe nyama, inosimbisa pfungwa yekuti kurega kunofanira kuenderana nemabasa erudo, akadai sekupa zvakachengetwa kune avo vanonyanya kuda. Tal maonero anoratidza kuti tsika dzechitendero dzinofanira kudarika kushayikwa kwechikafu, kubatanidza kune chinangwa chikuru chekubatana nerubatsiro. Essa Chiono chakakosha chinotenderera munguva yematambudziko ehupfumi, uko kuwana kwekudya kwekutanga kwatove kwakaoma kune chikamu chehuwandu.
Zvisinei, nhoroondo iri seri kwetsika iyi ine mativi akawanda uye akaoma kunzwisisa, ine midzi inotora mazana emakore uye inopindirana netsika nechitendero. Para Kuburitsa pachena kuti nei cod yakatora iri chinzvimbo chekutungamira muSexta-Feira Santa, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise muzvinhu zvinodarika hupfumi, uchiongorora mbiru dzinotsigira iyi chaiyo tsika.
Basa rePortugal colonization uye tsika yekutsanya
Kufurira kwakasimba kwePortugal senyika yekoloni yeBrasil ndeimwe yembiru dzepakati pakunzwisisa kuiswa kwekodha mutsika yenyika gastronomic, kunyanya mune zvechitendero. Nekudaro, tsananguro haina kuganhurirwa kuPortugal tsika nhaka. Há zvakare hunhu hwekuzvarwa hwekodha yekuve chigadzirwa chinogona kuchengetedzwa kwenguva yakareba pasina kudiwa kwefiriji, iyo yaive yakakosha mutsauko munguva isati yasvika tekinoroji.
Nhoroondo, tsika yekutsanya ndiyo yekutanga yekunzwisisa kurega kubva munyama. Desde Mumazana emakore ekutanga echiKristu, kushayikwa kwechikafu kwakaonekwa, asi pasina kutarisisa pane chimwe chikafu. Muongorori wenhoroondo yeCatholic paPontifícia Universidade Gregoriana yeRoma, Mirticeli Medeiros, anotsanangura kuti paIdade Média ndipo panotanga kutora zvirevo zvekutsanya, zvichitanga tsika yekuzvinyima uye kuzvidzora.
Pfungwa yekutsanya yaimiririra chimiro cheusterity uye kutonga kwemafaro evanhu, muchikamu kune Jesus chibayiro pamuchinjikwa. Essa kunzwisisa kunosimbiswa nemunyori wenhoroondo, nyanzvi yezvechitendero uye muzivi Gerson Leite yeMoraes, yeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, anobatanidza kutsanya kweKatorike kusakaramende yekuregererwa, ndiko kuti, chibayiro chakaitwa nekuregererwa. Deus. Quaresma, senguva yekuregererwa nekuvaka patsva, inova nhanho yakakodzera yechiitiko ichi chekurega.
Symbolism yehove uye kudziviswa kwenyama tsvuku
Mvumo yekudya hove panguva yekutsanya kweKatorike inewo chiratidzo chakapfuma. Munhoroondo Jesus mamiriro, hove chaive chikafu chakanyanya kunharaunda Oriente Médio makore zviuru zviviri apfuura, uye vazhinji vevateveri vekutanga veJesus vaive vabati vehove. Embora Kunyangwe pasina hukama hwakajeka pakati pezvinhu izvi nekutsinhana kwenyama yehove, kubatana kunotangwa kune mamwe matinji.
MuchiGiriki chekare, shoko rokuti hove raiva “ichthys”. Cristãos Primitives, avo vaigara vachitambudzwa, vakagamuchira hove sechiratidzo chakavanzika, vachipa izwi chirevo chine simba: Iesous Christos Theou Yios Soter, zvinoreva “Jesu Cristo, Filho kubva Deus, 21094.” Assim, kudyiwa kwehove kwakapfuura kudya chete, kubatanidza kwakadzama kweChristological uye chitupa zvinoreva kune vakatendeka. Kuoma kwekutsanangura “hove” mumamiriro echitendero kwakatungamira mukududzirwa kwekuda kuziva nekufamba kwenguva.
Kurambidzwa kwenyama tsvuku, zvakare, kwakagadziriswa muzana remakore rechi13 nemuzivi uye nyanzvi yezvechitendero São Tomás yeAquino. Kurega, mupfungwa iyi, kwaireva kuzvinyima chimwe chinhu chaipa kugutsikana kukuru, maererano nepfungwa yokuzvinyima uye kuramba. Essa dzidziso yebhaibheri yakabatanidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumitemo yeIgreja.
Zvinyorwa zvakaita seRegra zveSão Bento, kubva muzana ramakore rechitanhatu, zvaitoda kuti mamongi adye nyama chete mumatambudziko akanyanya ekushaiwa kana hutano. Kwemazana emakore, masinodhi eIgreja akanetsana nenyaya iyi zvakanyanya, achitombobvunza kana nyama yakagadzikiswa, senge nyama yepasi kana ham, yaizorasikirwa ne “nyama yenyama” uye inogona kudyiwa. Tsika ye “kutsanya kweganda”, nekurega nyama panguva dzakasiyana dzegore, yaive yakajairika muIdade Média, uye mitemo iripo iri mumagwaro eVaticano: Código yeDireito Canônico ye196956 ye3816 ye3816 Papa Paulo VI.
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti zvikonzero zvekusiyanisa marudzi enyama uye kubvumira hove kazhinji kunomutsa zvinhu zvakadai se “ropa rinotonhora” rehove mukupesana ne “ropa rinodziya” remombe nehuku. Iwo manuances mukutsanangura chinonzi “hove” mumamiriro echitendero anogona kuchinjika uye dzimwe nguva anosiyana kubva kurudzi rwesainzi. Existem mishumo yezvakaitika kare yemabhishopi akazivisa mhuka dzakadai semangwe, capybaras uye kunyange beavers se “hove” kune vakatendeka vedhioceses yavo, vachibvumira kushandiswa kwavo muQuaresma, vachiratidza kushanduka kwemitemo mumamiriro akasiyana etsika uye nzvimbo.
Kusvika kwecod paBrasil nekubatanidzwa kwayo
Zvisinei nekubatana kwakasimba kwecod neSexta-Feira Santa, Igreja Católica haina chero chirevo chakanangana nekushandiswa kwayo. Kuparidzirwa nekubatanidzwa kwekodha no Brasil sechikafu chekudya chezuva iroro kunokonzerwa zvakananga nekukanganiswa kwetsika dzechiPutukezi. Iyo inonaka yakaunzwa munyika muzana ramakore re19, uye mukurumbira wayo unonyanya kukonzerwa nekukwanisa kwayo kuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba.
Munguva yefiriji isati yasvika, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeBrazil uko Quaresma inoitika muchirimo, sherufu yehupenyu hwekodha yakarungwa uye isina mvura yakanga iri mukana wakakosha. Isso yakabvumira vakatendeka kuidya mukati meQuaresma vasinganetseki nekukuvara, vachiishandura kuita sarudzo inoshanda uye inokwanisika yekuona kukurumidza. Portanto, kusarudzwa kwekodha yakanga isiri nyaya yekutenda mune inonaka, asi kunze kwepragmatism yakachena.
Kusvika kwedare rechiPutukezi muna 1808 kwakakurumidzira kuunzwa kwecod muchikafu cheBrazil. Aos vashoma, delicacy yakatanga kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvezvinhu zvakaoma, zvichiwedzera kuwanikwa kune vanhu. Kutendeuka, kunoonekwa sekuteerera kwekuzvidira kune imwe nguva yekufungisisa uye kuzvipira, yakawana cod inoshanda uye yechinyakare kutsiva nyama tsvuku.
Kubva kutsika dzechitendero kusvika kumasimba emusika
Tsika yekurega kubva kune nyama tsvuku, yakaunzwa nevaPutukezi colonizers, yakasimbiswa nekusvika kwedare paBrasil. Cod, iri chikamu chePutukezi cuisine uye nyore kuchengetedza, yakangoiswa muchirevo ichi. Nokufamba kwenguva, tsika iyi yakapiwa chirevo chitsva uye yakava chikamu chemukati chekuzivikanwa kwetsika nechitendero cheBrazil. Pesvedzero yechikatorike kubvira pakatanga kuitwa ukoloni uye nhungamiro yavaprista vomunzvimbomo yakasimbisa kuchengetwa kwevakatendeka.
Kushandiswa kwekodha, pakutanga kwakabatana nechitendero uye kuchengetedza, kwakakurumidza kuwana simba mumusika. Muchaunga checapitalist, kana chigadzirwa chikava chikamu chetsika yakadzika midzi yakadaro, chinova chinhu. Kukura kuri kudiwa kwecod muQuaresma uye, kunyanya, muSexta-Feira Santa, yakagadzira ine simba musika niche, uko vatengesi nevatengi vanosimudzira kutenderera. Chakatanga sechinodikanwa chinoshanda uye chirevo chechitendero chave kusundwawo nekuchinja kwezvokutengeserana, kumufaro wevatengesi vehove vanoona kutengesa kwadzo kuchikwira panguva iyi.
Nhoroondo yekodha paSexta-Feira Santa, saka, tangle yekutenda, tsika, nhoroondo uye hupfumi, inoratidza kuti tsika dzinoumbwa sei, dzinochinjika uye dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi nekufamba kwenguva, kuchengetedza kukosha kwavo padanho remweya uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu.