Mukuru weApple, Tim Cook, akaita ongororo yakadzama yemafaira epachivande ekambani mumusangano wenhau wechangobva kuitika. Kushanya kusati kwamboitika kunzvimbo yekuchengetera kwakaratidza michina yakanga isati yambosiya Cupertino yekuongororwa marabhoritari. Chirongwa ichi chinocherekedza hafu yezana ramakore rekutanga kwemugadziri wemagetsi, ichipa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakatsanangudza musika wepasi rose.
Munguva yekuratidzira, zvinyorwa zvepatent zvepakutanga uye zvikamu zvehardware mumatanho ekutanga egungano zvakaunzwa. Zvinhu zvakasarudzwa zvinotangira pamakomputa ekutanga emhando kusvika kune nharembozha dzinotungamira kutengesa kwazvino. Kuvhurwa kwechikamu kweiyi muunganidzwa wakaganhurirwa kunotibvumira kuongorora iyo reverse engineering yezvinyowani yakachinja midhiya mashandisiro maitiro uye nharembozha.
Chiratidziro ichi chaisanganisira zvinhu zvenhoroondo yakakosha yeinjiniya yemakomputa, senge mabhodhi makuru edunhu uye makasi enguva pfupi. Mukuru akatsanangura matanho ekuchinja pakati pe theoretical conception uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda. Zvidimbu zviri pakuratidzira zvinoshanda serekodhi rekodhi yezvisarudzo zvekugadzira izvo zvakaumba trajectory yeCalifornian corporation mumakumi emakore apfuura.
Kuunganidzwa kwezvidimbu zvisina kuburitswa uye zvinyorwa zvekutanga
Kufamba nemumahoro ekuchengetera zvinhu kwakaratidza zvinhu izvo director director pachake aisaziva kana kuti anga asati amboona mumakore. Matangiro echiratidziro akatarisa pamagwaro epamutemo ayo akavimbisa pfuma yehungwaru yezvigadzirwa zvekutanga zverudzi. Entre mapepa akaratidzwa, patents yepakutanga yekombuta Apple II inomira pachena, yakanyoreswa pakupera kwema1970, iyo yakasimbisa hwaro hwezvemari uye tekinoroji kune ramangwana remugadziri ndege.
Izvi zvitupa zvekare zvinogovana nzvimbo nehardware zvikamu zvinoratidza shanduko yemagetsi miniaturization. Zvinyorwa zvakasimba zvechikamu chega chega chekuedza chinoratidza nzira yekushanda yemukati, inoratidzirwa nekudzokororwa kwakawanda kusati kwabvumirwa kwekupedzisira. Kuchengeta iyi hesitori yemuviri haishande chete semuziyamu yemakambani, asi sesosi yereferensi yezvino kambani hardware uye software mainjiniya.
Evolution yeinotakurika mimhanzi inoridza
Imwe yemapoinzi epakati pemharidzo yaisanganisira yekutanga iPod prototype, yakatangira muna 2001. Chishandiso chekare chakaratidza mechanical navigation interface iyo yaizove yakakurumbira yekudzvanya vhiri, ine basa rekufambisa kupururudza kuburikidza nerurefu runyorwa rwematepi ekuteerera. Mukuru akarangarira mamiriro etekinoroji panguva iyoyo, aidzorwa nevezvenhau uye maCD player ayo aiganhura huwandu hweodhiyo inotakurwa nemushandisi.
Kuiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi chaidiwa kwaida kugadziridzwa kwakakwana kweketani yekugovera yemugadziri. Iko kugona kuchengetedza zviuru zvemafaira edhijitari pamidziyo inokodzera muhomwe yako kwaburitsa zvisati zvamboitika zvekugadzira zvinodiwa. Mafekitori ekudyidzana anodiwa kuchinjisa mitsetse yavo yekusangana kuti vaunze huwandu hukuru hwemayuniti mwedzi mishoma yega yega, kumisa mwero mutsva wezvekugadziriswa kwenyika.
Muedzo wemhando yakachengetedzwa mudura unoratidza zviyero zvekutanga zvepurojekiti, izvo zvaive zvakakura kudarika shanduro yekutengeserana. Kuderedza saizi yemadhiraivha emukati uye kugadzirisa mashandisiro ebhatiri zvaive zvipingamupinyi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakakundwa nechikwata cheinjiniya. Esse inoenderera mberi yekunatsiridza yakabatanidza mhando mudhijitari yevaraidzo chikamu uye yakagadzirira ivhu rezvinotevera kuvhurwa.
Yekutanga redunhu bhodhi uye engineering yekuyedza
Kuchinja kumusika wemafoni emafoni kwakafananidzirwa nebhokisi rekuongorora rekutsvaga kwekutanga kwe iPhone, yakagadzirwa pakati pe2006 ne2007. Chidimbu chinofadza nehupamhi hwayo hwakanyanyisa, hwakafanana nekicheni yekucheka bhodhi, kure kure kubva kune compact format yefoni yekupedzisira. Icho chikamu chakashanda chete kusimbisa kutaurirana pakati pe processor, redhiyo antenna uye yekubata skrini.
Iyo nzira yekushandisa mabhodhi akawandisa inobvumira vanogadzira software kugadzira iyo inoshanda sisitimu panguva imwe chete nebasa revanjiniya vehardware. Essa nzira yakafanana inomhanyisa kutenderera kwekuvaka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti maapplication epakati anomhanya zvakanaka machipisi asati aitwa miniaturized. Midziyo yakafumurwa yakanga yafumura zvibatanidza uye madoko ekuongorora izvo zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuona kutadza kwekodhi.
Kusimbisa iyo pfungwa yeiyo interface zvachose yakavakirwa pakubata kwakawanda kunoda kusati kwamboitika simba rekugadzirisa remidziyo inotakurika panguva iyoyo. Iyo hofori kadhi yakabvumira timu kuti iedze kuyerera kwekupeta peji uye pinch-to-zoom pasina zvidziviriro zvekupisa zvekasi diki. Apenas Mushure mekugadzirisa software, zvikamu zvakatsikirirwa kuita muhomwe fomati.
Kuratidzwa kweiyi tekinoroji artifact inodzima pfungwa yekuti zvigadzirwa zvakaoma zvinozvarwa zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa mumarabhoritari. Iyo reverse engineering yeiyo brand yekutanga smartphone inoratidza inopedza maitiro ekuyedza uye kukanganisa. Chimedu mbishi chinopesana zvakanyanya neyakakwenenzverwa dhizaini inorova masherufu, inoratidzira iyo masisitimu yekubatanidza kuedza.
Kutsiviwa kwezvinhu muchikamu chekupedzisira chekugadzirwa
Munguva yekuedzwa kwemukati kweiyo yekutanga smartphone, vatungamiriri nevainjiniya vakashandisa prototypes inoshanda mumaitiro avo ezuva nezuva kuona zvikanganiso zvekushandisa. Foi Panguva ino yakaoma, dambudziko rakakomba rekusimba rakaonekwa mumapurasitiki anovhara zviratidziro. Kugara kudhumhana nemakiyi nemari muhomwe dzevashandisi kwakakonzera kukwenya kwakadzika, kukanganisa kutarisa kwemukati uye kubata kunzwisisika. Kuziva kwacho kwakamanikidza manejimendi kuita danho rakasimba mavhiki mashoma kugadzirwa kwakawanda kusati kwatanga, zvinoda shanduko yakakwana mukupihwa kwezvinhu.
Mhinduro yakawanikwa yaive shanduko yekukurumidza kuenda kugirazi risingarove, tekinoroji yaive isati yashandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yenharembozha. Kuchinja kweminiti yekupedzisira kwaida nhaurirano dzakasimba nevashambadziri vezvinhu uye kugadzirisa kwechimbichimbi kumichina yegungano mumafekitari eAsia. Mutungamiriri mukuru akatsanangura nzira iyi yekugadzira sekushanda kwakaoma zvikuru, kuenzaniswa nemabasa ekununura maindasitiri. Kugamuchirwa kwegirazi hakuna kungogadzirisa dambudziko rekukwenya, asi kwakamisa chiyero chitsva chekupedzisa kwekutanga icho chakakurumidza kukopwa nevakwikwidzi vese muindasitiri.
Patent kunyoreswa uye zvinhu zvinopfekwa
Pamusoro pemidziyo yakatsanangudza nharembozha, muunganidzwa wenhoroondo une embryonic nhanho dzekupinda kwekambani muchikamu chehutano uye kugara zvakanaka. Iwo mafaera airatidza zvinhu zvekutanga zve brand smartwatch, kusanganisira tambo dzekuyedza uye isina kupera biometric sensors. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakasimbiswa chaiva muenzaniso wekutanga wakashandiswa nemukuru mukuru pachake panguva yekudzidzira kuratidzwa kwevanhu kwechigadzirwa. Zvinyorwa zvakanamirwa kune aya prototypes anotsanangura ergonomic zvidzidzo uye macalibrations anodiwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuverenga kurova kwemoyo pamhando dzakasiyana dzeganda uye saizi yemaoko. Iko kushanduka kweizvi zvinopfekwa zvinhu zvinoratidza zano remugadziri rekugadzira yakavharwa ecosystem, uko imwe neimwe mudziyo mutsva unozadzisa mabasa eiyo huru smartphone. Kuchengetedzwa kwezvimedu izvi kunoratidza nzira iyo kambani yakashandura tekinoroji yekutarisisa yekurapa, yaimbove yakaganhurirwa kuzvipatara, kuita chinhu chemazuva ese chevatengi, chinoda makore ekutsvagisa kuita sensor miniaturization uye kugona kwesimba.
Kuchengetedzwa kweiyo brand tekinoroji memory
Kuchengeta yakadzama yakadaro inochengeterwa yemuviri inozadzisa basa rehurongwa rinopfuura nyore corporate nostalgia. Mainjiniya achangobva kuhaiwa anoshandisa muunganidzwa uyu kuti vanzwisise sarudzo dzekare dzekuvaka uye kudzivirira kudzokorora zvikanganiso pamapurojekiti anoenderera mberi. Kurongeka kwakasimba kwebhodhi rega rega, casing uye patent gwaro rinovimbisa kuti ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwakaunganidzwa kwemakumi mashanu emakore runoramba rwuri kuwanikwa kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvevagadziri vekambani.
Executive maonero ekugadzira maitiro
Kudyidzana kwakananga nezvidimbu zvenhoroondo kwakamutsa ongororo yehunyanzvi hwekumhanya kwekusimudzira kweindasitiri yemagetsi. Mukuru, uyo akabatana nesangano mukupera kwema1990, akanyatsotevera shanduko kubva kukambani yakatarisana nemakomputa edesktop kuenda kuhofori yepasi rose. Ele yakasimbisa kuti musimboti wegadziriro yekugadzira inoramba isina kuchinjika: kukosha kwekuratidza kuti tekinoroji inoshanda muchimiro chayo chisina kusimba isati yanetseka nezve aesthetics. Kuonekwa kwemahwendefa akakura kunosimbisa thesis yekuti kushanda nguva dzose kunotungamira dhizaini yekupedzisira mumatanho ekutanga ekutsvagisa.
Kucherechedzwa kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera mukutengesa kwaivewo musoro panguva yekuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa. Vhoriyamu yekugadzira yakasvetuka kubva kuzviuru zvevatambi vemimhanzi mukutanga 2000s kusvika kuhombe mavhoriyamu emafoni mumakore gumi anotevera. Essa kukwira kwaida kuvakwa kweiyo yakanyatso kuwiriraniswa yepasirese yekupa network inokwanisa kuburitsa zvinhu chaizvo munguva pfupi pfupi. Iko kugona kufanotaura kudiwa kwevatengi uye kuenzanisa kugadzirwa kwakakura kwave mugadziri mukuru anokwikwidza musiyanisa mumusika wepasirese.
Gadzirisa zvinyorwa zveramangwana
Kuvhurwa kwechikamu kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera kunoratidza shanduko isina kujeka mumutemo wagara uchichengetedzwa wekambani wekuvanzika kwakasimba. Iyo inodzorwa kuratidzwa kweprototypes inobvumira iyo veruzhinji tekinoroji uye nyanzvi yekutsikirira kuti vanzwisise kuomarara kunowanikwa mukugadzira zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Zvinyorwa zvenyama zvinoratidza kuti kusvetuka kwetekinoroji kunokonzerwa nemakore ekutsvagisa chinyararire uye zviuru zvezvakaraswa prototypes.
Chinhu chega chega chakanyorwa mudura chinomiririra bazi chairo remuti wekugadzira hardware. Algumas Mabhodhi edunhu anoratidzwa ndeezvirongwa zvakadzimwa kana kubatanidzwa nemimwe mitsara yechigadzirwa. Essa Zvinyorwa zvezvisina kushanda zvinobatwa nekukosha kwakafanana nemidziyo yakawana kubudirira kwekutengeserana, ichishanda semepu yenzira dzetekinoroji dzakatoongororwa.
Muunganidzwa wenhoroondo unobatanidza rondedzero yeinjiniya inoenderera inotsigira mashandiro emugadziri weCalifornia. Shanduko kubva kumakomputa ekutanga akaunganidzwa mugaraji kuenda kumidziyo yemazuva ano yakaoma yekutaurirana inorekodhwa nemuviri pamasherufu aya. Kuchengetedza nhaka iyi inova nechokwadi chekuti nzira yekushanda yakatsanangura komputa yemazuva ano inoramba yakanyorwa kuti iongororwe mune ramangwana.