Ukudlula komzimba wasezulwini osuka ngaphaya kwemida yelanga lethu lahlanganisa ii-arhente zasemajukujukwini kwihlabathi jikelele, nto leyo ebangele ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yekhemikhali engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Into, echazwe ngokusemthethweni njengendwendwe ye-interstellar, ibonise ugxininiso lweegesi ezicela umngeni kwiithiyori zangoku malunga nokuqulunqwa kweenkqubo zeenkwenkwezi. Uqwalaselo oluqhubekayo lwalo mcimbi lunika ithuba elinqabileyo lokufunda into yokuqala eyenza imimandla ekude ye-Via Láctea, esebenza njengekhepsule yexesha lekhemikhali eyahamba iibhiliyoni zeminyaka phambi kokuba ibanjwe zizixhobo zokujonga ze-Terra zale mihla. Ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo yangoku ivumela ukuqonda okunzulu kakhulu kwe-galactic dynamics.
Ukujongwa kwehlabathi jikelele kunye ne-hyperbolic trajectory yomzimba wezulu
Umzimba wesibhakabhaka uhamba ngesantya esimangalisayo esidlula uphawu lwe-210 yeekhilomitha eziliwaka ngeyure, into ethi, idibene ne-hyperbolic trajectory yayo, iqinisekisa imvelaphi yayo ngaphandle kwenkqubo yethu yeenkwenkwezi. I-Diferente ye-asteroids yendawo kunye nee-comets ezijikeleza i-Sol kwiitrakthi ezivaliweyo ze-elliptical, olu ndwendwe lunamandla aneleyo e-kinetic ukubaleka umtsalane welanga emva kokusondela kwayo. Ubuchwephesha be-Orbital bubonisa ukuba into inqumla kuphela indawo yethu ye-cosmic kube kanye, ifuna impendulo ekhawulezileyo nelungelelanisiweyo evela kuthungelwano lwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuze ibambe ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko phambi kokuba itshabalale ngokuqinisekileyo kubumnyama bendawo enzulu, isingise kwamanye amakroza.
Ubalo lweenkwenkwezi lubonisa ukuba ukubunjwa kwesi sithintelo somkhenkce nothuli kwenzeka malunga ne-4.6 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ixesha elihambelana nokuzalwa kwe-Sistema Solar ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-genesis yayo yenzeke kwidiski ye-protoplanetary ejikeleze inkwenkwezi ekude, ukusuka apho yakhutshwa khona ngenxa yentsebenziswano enobudlova kunye neeplanethi ezinkulu kwisigaba sokuhlanganisa. Desde emva koko, into yabhadula phakathi kwe-interstellar medium, inyamezela amaqondo obushushu asondele kwi-zero ngokupheleleyo kunye nemitha ye-cosmic yangasemva, de indlela yayo iyizise kwindawo yokubona iteleskopu yomhlaba kunye nesithuba esiqhutywa zii-arhente eziphambili zenzululwazi ezizinikele ekwenzeni imephu yecosmos.
Uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali oluneenkcukacha kunye nomlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili weegesi
Ukufumana idatha ebonakalisa kakhulu ekubunjweni kweendwendwe kwakunokwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-spectrographs ye-state-of-art kufuphi ne-infrared. Izixhobo ze-Esses zisebenza ngokuhlalutya ukukhanya okudlula kwi-coma yento, ilifu lerhasi kunye nothuli olwenziwa xa umkhenkce uthoba ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu belanga.
Iziphumo ze-spectroscopic zibonise utyikityo lwekhemikhali apho ikharbon diokside ilawula ngokupheleleyo umoya wesibhakabhaka odlulayo. Imilinganiselo ibonisa ukuba i-carbon dioxide imele ngaphezu kwe-80% yazo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhutshwe yi-nucleus ngexesha lokusondela kwi-Sol.
Umlinganiselo ofunyenweyo ubeka inqanaba elitsha kwi-astrophysics yoqwalaselo kwaye utshintshe ibhenchmark yokufunyaniswa kwekamva ngeenkwenkwezi:
– Ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kwekharbon diokside kunye namanzi bulinganiswe ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wesibhozo ukuya kwesinye.
– Ingxelo yangaphambili yayo nayiphi na ibhodi yezulu efanayo eyakhe yabonwa yayingumlinganiselo wesithandathu ukuya kwenye.
-I-sublimation esebenzayo kunye nokukhululwa kweegesi zifunyenwe kumgama omkhulu kunamawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kumbindi ophakathi.
Obu buninzi bekhabhoni bubonisa ukuba into eyenziwe kwindawo ebanda kakhulu, i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide-ecebile kummandla wenkqubo yayo yeenkwenkwezi. Tais iimeko zahluke kakhulu kwi-Oort ilifu okanye i-Kuiper ibhanti, ezi ndawo zaziwayo ze-comets zendawo.
Iimpembelelo kwiimodeli zokwakheka kweeplanethi
Ukufumanisa kunyanzelisa i-astrophysicists ukuba ihlolisise iimodeli zokubala ezichaza ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zamakhemikhali kwiidiski ze-stellar accretion. Ubukho obukhulu bekharbon diokside bubonisa iinkqubo zokukhenkceza kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezingachazwanga ngokupheleleyo ziithiyori zangoku kwi-space thermodynamics.
Izinto eziqokelelweyo zisebenza njengeprobe ngqo yeemeko ze-physicochemical zenye inkqubo yeplanethi ekude. Ngokufunda umlinganiselo we-isotope kunye nokwakheka kwemolekyuli yeegesi ezikhutshiweyo, izazinzulu zinokujongisa iqondo lobushushu, ingxinano kunye nenqanaba lemitha yokusingqongileyo apho umzimba wesibhakabhaka ujike kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ngenxa yoko, i-astrochemistry izuza iiparameters ezintsha zokuqonda ukuba iibhloko zokwakha zobomi, ezifana nekhabhoni namanzi, zisasazwa njani kumnyele. Uphando oluqhubekayo kule datha luya kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba iinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ezinemichiza efana neyethu zingumgaqo okanye zihluke kwindalo yonke ebonakalayo.
Uvavanyo olusebenzayo kuthungelwano lokhuselo lweplanethi yoMhlaba
Nangona i-interstellar visitor’s trajectory iyigcina kumgama okhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ukusuka ku-Terra, idlula malunga ne-27 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu kunye ne-21 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka kwi-Sol kwi-perihelion yayo, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lusebenzise isiganeko njengesenzo esisebenzayo sokulungiselela nokhuseleko. I-Rede Internacional ye-Alerta ye-Asteroides ilungelelanise umzamo wehlabathi jikelele wokulinganisa umkhondo kunye nonxibelelwano lwemigaqo enokuthi iqalwe xa kukho isoyikiso sokwenyani sempembelelo yekinetic. Lo msebenzi ubandakanya ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kolungelelwaniso lwe-orbital phakathi kweendawo zokuphonononga kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo, ulungelelwaniso lweerada ezisemajukujukwini anzulu, kunye nokwenziwa kweendlela ngexesha lokwenyani. Essa ukuhlanganiswa kwanikezelwa ukuchonga imiqobo kunxibelelwano phakathi kwee-arhente kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kweenkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziseko zokhuselo lweplanethi zilungele ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza, ukubeka iliso kunye nophawu kuwo nawuphi na umzimba wesibhakabhaka onqumla i-orbit yomhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imvelaphi yawo, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo okanye isantya sokusondela.
Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezininzi zokujonga indawo
Umgudu wokubonakalisa le nto wawungaphelelanga kwisiqwenga esinye sezixhobo eziphezulu. Telescópios Oogqirha bamehlo abangamagqala baye bayalelwa ukuba balinganise imilinganiselo ebonakalayo yondoqo oqinileyo, uqikelelo lwedayamitha eyohluka phakathi kwe-320 yeemitha kunye ne-5.6 yeekhilomitha, ngokuxhomekeke kwi-axis yokujikeleza kunye nesantya sokubonisa ukusuka kumphezulu owenziwe mnyama yimitha yamandulo.
Ngaxeshanye, iisathelayithi ezinikezelwe kukhangelo lwee-exoplanets kunye nezithuthi zokuhlola ezibekwe kumphezulu we-Marte zadityaniswa kuthungelwano lokuphonononga. I-Essa i-triangulation yedatha evela kumanqaku ahlukeneyo kwi-Sistema Solar ivumele ukwakhiwa kwemodeli ye-three-dimensional yokukhutshwa kothuli kunye negesi, ukuphelisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-atmospheric kunye nokubonelela ngomxholo obanzi malunga nokuziphatha kwezinto phantsi kweempembelelo ezithe ngqo zomoya welanga.
Ukuqhubekeka kophando kunye nemishini yendawo
Umthamo omkhulu wedatha ekrwada eyenziwe ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-interstellar body iya kuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa zii-supercomputers kule minyaka imbalwa izayo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemishini esebenzayo, kubandakanywa iiprobes ezijoliswe kwiinyanga ezinomkhenkce zezinye iiplanethi, zithembisa ukuqhubela phambili ukuqonda i-chemistry yangaphambili, ukudibanisa esi siganeko njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwi-astronomy yanamhlanje ekufuneni imvelaphi ye-galactic matter kunye ne-evolution ye-stellar systems.
