Umzimba wesibhakabhaka osanda kufunyanwa, ochazwe njenge-interstellar comet 3I / Atlas, iqhubela phambili ukuya kwi-Sistema Solar ngesantya esirekhodiweyo seekhilomitha ezingama-57 ngesekhondi. Observações Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi luqinisekisa ukuba into ayivelanga kwindawo yelanga, kodwa ikwinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ezikude, ihamba kwindawo enzulu kangangewaka leminyaka phambi kokuwela indlela yoMhlaba yangoku.
Ukufunyaniswa kolu ndwendwe lwe-cosmic kuphawula umzuzu obalulekileyo we-astronomy yanamhlanje, ukuseka i-3I / Atlas njengento yesithathu eqinisekisiweyo ye-interstellar ukuwela ummandla wethu. Iiteleskopu ezichanekileyo zilandelela indlela ye-comet yonke imihla, zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokubala ngokuthe ngqo i-orbit yayo kunye neempawu zomzimba ezisisiseko.
Ngokungafaniyo nemizimba yasezulwini ejikeleza i-Sol ngendlela eyi-elliptical, le comet ine-hyperbolic trajectory echazwe kakuhle. Essa isici sejiyometriki siqinisekisa ukuba umxhuzulane wenkwenkwezi yethu ayizukwanela ukuyibamba okanye ukuyigcina kwi-orbit, ukuyivumela ukuba iqhubele phambili nohambo lwayo olusingise kwisithuba esiphakathi kweenkwenkwezi emva kokusondela kakhulu.
I-Dynamics ye-hyperbolic trajectory kunye nesantya somzimba wezulu
Isantya esiphezulu se-3I / Atlas yenye yezinto eziphambili ezingqina imvelaphi yayo ngaphandle kwe-Sistema Solar. I-Enquanto ii-comets zendawo zifikelela kwisantya esiphezulu kuphela kwi-perihelion, isivakashi se-interstellar sele singene kwi-heliosphere ngamandla e-kinetic aphezulu kakhulu kunesantya sokuphunyuka kwendawo.
Ngeenjongo zokurekhodwa kweenkwenkwezi, izazinzulu ziye zaseka uthelekiso oluthe ngqo phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zeenkwenkwezi ezaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Idatha eqokelelwe ngama-arhente asemajukujukwini ibonisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo yesantya sokusondela kumzimba ngamnye obekwe iliso wasezulwini.
– Oumuamua irekhodwe isantya seekhilomitha ezingama-26 ngomzuzwana.
– Borisov ihambe nge-33 km ngesekhondi.
– I-3I/Atlas yodlula ezo zangaphambili ngeekhilomitha ezingama-57 ngomzuzwana.
Ukukhutshwa kunye nenkqubo yemvelaphi kwiinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ezikude
Ukubunjwa kunye nokugxothwa okulandelayo kwemizimba yasezulwini njenge-3I / Atlas kwenzeka ngexesha lezigaba eziphazamisayo ekuziphendukeleni kweenkqubo zeplanethi ezikude. Iimodeli ze-astrophysical zibonisa ukuba unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lomxhuzulane kunye neeplanethi ezinkulu zegesi okanye ukudlula ngokusondeleyo kwezinye iinkwenkwezi kunokusebenza njengezilingi zendalo, ukukhupha ii-comets kunye ne-asteroids ngaphandle kweendlela zazo zangaphambili. Além Ngaphaya koko, izehlo zentlekele ezifana nokudubula kwe-supernova zenza amaza othusayo akwazi ukutshayela imathiriyeli yeperipheral kwindawo enzulu phakathi kweenkwenkwezi.
Zakuba zikhululwe kwimpembelelo yomxhuzulane yeenkwenkwezi ezingabazali bazo, ezi zinto ziqala uhambo olulodwa olunokuhlala ixesha elingenammiselo kwisikali se-cosmic. Isithuba phakathi kweenkwenkwezi, nangona sikhulu kwaye sibonakala singenanto, likhaya kwinani elingenakubalwa lemizimba ejikelezayo efana ne-3I / Atlas. Ukuba nokwenzeka kwenye yezi zinto kanye ukuwela indlela ye-Sistema Solar kusezantsi ngokwezibalo, okwenza ubhaqo ngalunye lube lithuba elinqabileyo lokufunda ngokuthe ngqo imathiriyeli eyenziwe kweminye imimandla ye-Via Láctea.
Iziphumo zobunzima belanga ngexesha lokusondela kakhulu
Ukudlula kwe-comet kwi-Sistema Solar yangaphakathi kubangela isenzeko somzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-gravitational assistance okanye i-slingshot effect. Ubunzima obukhulu be-Sol busebenza kwinto, igoba i-trajectory yayo yoqobo kwi-engile ethile ebalwa ngamaziko oqwalaselo.
Nangona le ntsebenziswano ijika indlela ye-3I / i-Atlas, amandla e-gravitation yelanga ayikwazi ukunciphisa isantya se-comet kwindawo yokubamba. Amandla ekinetic ento ahlala elawula kuyo yonke inkqubo yohambo.
Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zisebenzisa imifuziselo yekhompyutha ephucukileyo ukuqikelela eyona ndawo ikufutshane kakhulu kwi-Sol. Ngeli xesha elibalulekileyo, elihlala iiveki ezimbalwa, ukuqokelela idatha kufikelela ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphezulu.
Emva kokuphambuka kwe-gravitational, i-comet izuza isikhokelo esitsha malunga neziko le-galactic. Ukuqwalaselwa kwexesha langempela kuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungiswa kwedatha ye-orbital kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Spectroscopic kunye nokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zondwendwe
I-Spectroscopy isebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili sokutyhila ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-3I / Atlas ngaphandle kwesidingo semishini yomzimba. Ukukhanya kwelanga okubonakaliswa yikoma yecomet kwahlulwe kubude bamaza, kutyhila imisayino ekhethekileyo yezinto ezikhoyo kulwakhiwo lwayo.
Iziphumo zokuqala zikhomba kumlinganiselo we-isotopic owahluke kakhulu kwizinto ezifunyenwe kwi-Sistema Solar comets. Essa Ukwahlukana kweekhemikhali kuqinisa ulwahlulo lwento njengomhambi wokwenene weenkwenkwezi, ophethe iibhloko zokwakha ezisuka kumazwe akude.
Uthelekiso kunye nokuziphatha okukhawulezileyo kwe-Oumuamua
Uphononongo lwe-3I/Atlas lutsala kakhulu kwizifundo ezifundwe ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-Oumuamua kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kwisiganeko se-Naquela, undwendwe lokuqala oluphakathi kweenkwenkwezi lubonise isantya esingenamxhuzulane esingalindelekanga njengoko sisuka kwi-Sol.
Eyona ngcaciso yamkelekileyo yezenzululwazi ye-Oumuamua phenomenon ibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwe-hydrogen okanye ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezivaleleke ngaphakathi kwinto. Ubushushu belanga buthoba ezi mathiriyeli, zenza ithrust yendalo efana naleyo yenjini encinci yokuqhubela phambili.
Abaphandi ngoku babeka iliso kwi-3I / Atlas yokuziphatha okufanayo kwe-thermodynamic. Ukufunyanwa kweejethi zegesi okanye ukubunjwa komsila we-cometary ochaziweyo kuya kunika idatha ye-empirical kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi semizimba eyenziwe kwezinye iinkwenkwezi.
Ukubekw’esweni okuthe gqolo ngeendawo zokuphonononga ezisehlabathini nakwindawo
Ifestile yethuba lokufunda i-3I/Atlas ifuna ulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi phakathi kwezixhobo eziphambili zeplanethi kunye neeteleskopu ezijikelezayo. Observatórios ibekwe kwi-Chile, Havaí kunye ne-Ilhas Canárias iqondisa izixhobo zabo ngolungelelwano ukuze ibambe ii-spectrum ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya ezikhutshwayo okanye ezibonakaliswa yi-comet. Ukudityaniswa kothungelwano lweteleskopu kuvumela uhlolo olungaphazamisekiyo, ukuhlawulela ujikelezo lwe-Terra kunye nokwahluka kwemozulu yendawo. Idatha ekrwada eqokelelweyo icutshungulwa ngoko nangoko zii-supercomputers, ezihluza ingxolo yangasemva kwaye ihlukanise isignali kwinto ye-interstellar. Essa Iqela lezenzululwazi lamazwe ngamazwe alibonisi kuphela i-trajectory yangoku ngokuchaneka kwe-millimeter, kodwa kunye noovimba be-terabytes ye-photometric kunye ne-astrometric yolwazi oluya kuphembelela uphando lwezemfundo kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, ixesha elide emva kokuba i-comet yanyamalala ebumnyameni bendawo yangaphandle.
Uhambo lokugqibela oluya kwindawo enzulu
Ekupheleni kwesigaba esiphezulu sokufikelela, i-3I / Atlas iqala uhambo lwayo olucacileyo oluphuma kwi-heliosphere. Isantya esiqhubekayo siqinisekisa ukuba into iya kugcina intshukumo yayo engapheliyo nge-interstellar void, kungekho mbuyekezo elindelekileyo kummandla wethu we-galaxy.
Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwee-comets zasekhaya kunye ne-interstellar
Ukwahlula okuphambili phakathi kwe-Sistema Solar comets kunye neendwendwe zangaphandle zilele ekugcinweni kweempawu zabo zangaphambili. Enquanto imizimba yasekuhlaleni iye yachaphazeleka ngamandla kwimitha yelanga ngokuhamba kwexesha, izinto ze-interstellar zahlala zinomkhenkce kwiqanda elipheleleyo lesithuba esinzulu.
Oku kugcinwa kwe-thermal kuguqula i-3I / Atlas ibe yi-capsule yexesha elichanekileyo. Ukufunda umphezulu wayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi kunika izazinzulu umbono othe ngqo wemichiza ekhoyo kwidiski yeprotoplanetary yenkqubo yeenkwenkwezi eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kweyethu.
