Pesquisadores from 204 countries and regions mapped the relationship between eating habits and ischemic heart disease between 1990 and 2023. The results show that an inadequate diet was associated with 4.06 million deaths from this condition in 2023 worldwide. The work also recorded the loss of almost 97 million disability-adjusted life years caused by the same factor. The analysis, led by Min Seo Kim of Hospital Geral of Massachusetts in Boston, identified 13 dietary components as major contributors to cardiac risk.
Crescimento of deaths and improvement in age-adjusted rates
The absolute number of deaths grew by around 42% in the period analyzed, driven mainly by the increase in the global population. Quando adjusted for age, however, the mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants fell by almost 44%, indicating advances in medical care and more effective public health policies. Essa reduction reflects investments in healthy eating campaigns and better access to nutritional information in several countries.
Fatores dietary supplements that increase heart risk
The main factors identified as contributing to coronary heart disease include low consumption of protective foods and excess harmful components. The research highlights that the lack of essential nutrients plays a central role in the development of the condition.
- Baixo consumption of nuts and seeds
- Baixo whole grain consumption
- Baixo fruit consumption
- Alto sodium consumption
- Baixo consumption of fiber and legumes
- Consumo inadequate seafood and omega-6 fatty acids
The researchers reinforce that diets low in fiber, seafood and legumes appear associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease. Excessive consumption of salt, sugar and processed fats remains relevant, but the protection offered by whole and natural foods is highlighted as an opportunity for intervention. Medidas simultaneously reducing risks and increasing healthy elements can bring more significant results in prevention.
Contrastes regionals: Europa advances while África Central regresses
Na Europa Ocidental, the age-adjusted death rate fell by almost 70% between 1990 and 2023. Alemanha recorded a drop of approximately 44% in the absolute number of deaths, reaching approximately 66,600 cases in 2023. Países as well as Austrália and Nova Zelândia achieved even steeper reductions, greater than 77%. Essas improvements are attributed to healthy eating campaigns, product labeling rules and guidelines for meals in schools and public institutions.
In contrast, in África Central the diet-related mortality rate from coronary heart disease rose almost 21% in the same interval. Researchers note that eating patterns in these areas are increasingly approaching Western models, with a greater presence of processed foods, processed meats and sugary drinks. Essa nutritional transition increases the contribution of certain dietary components to cardiac risk, especially in contexts where these items are part of daily routines more frequently.
Public Health Estratégias and Future Recommendations
The authors advocate the expansion of global strategies that combine the reduction of harmful elements with encouraging the consumption of protective foods. Até At the moment, many initiatives prioritize cutting salt, sugar and fat, but the work suggests that simultaneously increasing nuts, whole grains and fruit can enhance the benefits. The investigation used consolidated information from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 and points to significant differences between regions with low and medium sociodemographic index, where the weight of inadequate diet tends to be greater. Ações coordinated at national and international level can modify a significant part of this burden, focusing on accessible and sustainable food choices to reduce deaths and heart-related disabilities in the coming years.