I-ALMA ibona utywala obuninzi kwi-interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS eyodlula i-solar comets

Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zisebenzise i-Atacama Large Millimeter/i-submillimeter Array (ALMA), efakwe kwintlango ye-Atacama kwi Uhlalutyo lwe-spectral luchonge izixa ezibalulekileyo ze-methanol, uhlobo lwe-alcohol ye-organic (CH₃OH), ekhutshwe yi-coma yento. Idatha eqokelelwe phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthobha ka-2025 ibonisa ukuba i-3I/ATLAS ibonisa umlinganiselo we-methanol kwi-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ephezulu kakhulu kunezo zifumaneka kwii-comets ezininzi zemveli ze-Sistema Solar.

I-Comet 3I / ATLAS, into yesithathu eqinisekisiweyo ukuba ivela kwenye inkqubo yeenkwenkwezi, yafunyanwa ngoJulayi 2025 yinkqubo yokujonga i-ATLAS. I-Observações encedisayo iqhutywe ngeeteleskopu ezifana ne-Hubble, Subaru kunye ne-James Webb sele izibonisile iimpawu zekhemikhali, kuquka ubukho obuphezulu bekhabhon dayoksayidi kwizigaba ezikude kakhulu ukusuka ku-Sol. Imilinganiselo ye-ALMA inike ubungqina obongezelelweyo malunga nokubunjwa okukodwa kolu ndwendwe lwe-interstellar.

Umlinganiselo ophezulu we-alcohol methanol

Uqwalaselo lugxile kwimigca ye-spectral ye-methanol kunye ne-hydrocyanic hydrogen kwi-atmosphere yethutyana ye-comet. NgoSeptemba ka-2025, umlinganiselo we-methanol/HCN ufikelele kumaxabiso amalunga ne-124 ngomhla omnye kunye nama-79 komnye, amanani abeka i-3I/ATLAS phakathi kwezona zinto zasezulwini zityetyiswe ngotywala.

I-Comets esuka ku-Sistema Solar ine-avareji ye-methanol malunga namaxesha angama-26 ngobuninzi kune-HCN. Ingxelo yangaphambili ye-comet C / 2016 R2 (i-Pan-STARRS), kunye nomlinganiselo osondeleyo kwi-280. I-3I / ATLAS ibekwe njengesibini esisityebi kule khompawundi yezinto eziphilayo.

Imithombo emininzi yokukhutshwa kotywala

Isisombululo se-angular ye-ALMA yenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukwenza imephu eyona mvelaphi yokukhutshwa kweemolekyuli. IHydrocyanic hydrogen iphuma ikakhulu kwinucleus eyomeleleyo yecomet, ipateni eqhelekileyo kwiisolar comets.

I-Methanol, kwelinye icala, inika igalelo elibalulekileyo kwiinkozo zomkhenkce kwi-coma, ezikumakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kumbindi. Esses iinkozo ezifudunyezwe yimitha yelanga zikhupha utywala ngendlela efanayo kwiicomets ezincinci zesibini.

I-Asymmetry ekuhanjisweni kotywala

I-Methanol ibonisa ugxininiso olukhulu kwicala elikhanyayo le-comet ejongene ne-Sol. I-Já i-hydrocyanic hydrogen ibonakala incinci kakhulu kulo mmandla, iphakamisa iiyantlukwano kukwakheka komphezulu okanye iziphumo ezikhethiweyo ze-sublimation.

Ukuveliswa kweMethanol kwanda kakhulu njengoko into isondela kwi-Sol. Esse ukuziphatha komeleza ukuxhomekeka kwe-thermal ekukhululweni kweekhompawundi eziguqukayo ezifana notywala.

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Ubungqina bemvelaphi kwindawo eyahlukileyo

Ubuninzi botywala bemethanol bucebisa ukuba izinto eziyinxalenye ye-3I/ATLAS zenziwe phantsi kweemeko zeekhemikhali ezahlukileyo kwezo ze-Sistema Solar zangaphambili. Dados yangaphambili i-James Webb sele ibone i-carbon dioxide engaphezulu, igqibezela iprofayile yolwahlulo lokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ukufunda ngokuthe ngqo i-chemistry yezinto ze-interstellar kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga ne-comet kunye neenkqubo zokubunjwa kweplanethi kwezinye iinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi. I-Methanol, i-molecule ehambelana neendlela ze-prebiotic, yandisa ukuqonda kweentlobo zemichiza ye-cosmic.

Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nomsebenzi onzima

Izinto ezininzi zokuphonononga ezisemhlabeni kunye nezasemajukujukwini zikhapha i-3I/ATLAS ngexesha lokudlula phakathi kwe-Sistema Solar yangaphakathi. Medições of other volatiles, including water, corroborate the progressive increase in activity as the comet received more solar energy.

Indibaniselwano yezi seti zedatha iqinisekisa ukuba i-3I/ATLAS ibonisa iindlela ezingaqhelekanga zokukhupha irhasi, iqaqambisa ukukhutshwa okuninzi kotywala kwizikali ezingazange zenziwe ngaphambili kwimephu yeenkcukacha ezinjalo.

Iziphumo ezipapashwe kwijenali ekhethekileyo

Iqela eliququzelelwa ngu-Nathan Roth, ukusuka ku-American University, lichaze ngokweenkcukacha izinto ezifunyenweyo kushicilelo The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Umsebenzi ugxininisa ukukwazi kwe-ALMA ukubamba iisignesha zeemolekyuli zezinto ezikude nezisebenzayo.

Ababhali bathelekisa uhlalutyo lokufumana isiginesha yeekhemikhali ezizodwa ukusuka kwenye inkqubo yeplanethi. Ukufunyaniswa kuqinisa ukubaluleka kwezixhobo ze-submillimeter ekufundeni iindwendwe ze-interstellar.