UHenry C. Lee, isazinzulu senzululwazi esinempembelelo nowakhusela u-O.J. Simpson, usweleka eneminyaka engama-87

UHenry C. Sua Ukufa kuphawula isiphelo sexesha lenzululwazi yezobungcwalisa, apho waba nguvulindlela ngeendlela ezininzi kunye neendlela ezisemgangathweni ngoku kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho kwihlabathi jikelele. Lee wanikela ubomi bakhe ekutyhileni iimfihlelo ngobungqina obuncinci, ukuguqula indlela ubulungisa obufunwa nokusetyenziswa ngayo. Igalelo le-Sua liye lagqitha elabhoratri, lafikelela kumagumbi okufundela, kumagumbi enkundla nakwintelekelelo kawonke-wonke, liqinisa ilifa lakhe njengomfanekiso oqingqiweyo noyilayo ebaleni.

Uzalelwe kwi-China kwaye wafudukela kwi-Estados Unidos, Lee wakha igama lokungakhethi buso kunye nobungqongqo besayensi, waba ligunya elihlonitshwayo. Sua ukukwazi ukunxibelelana nohlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo lwe-forensic ngendlela eqondakalayo kwiijurors kunye noluntu yayiyenye yamandla akhe amakhulu, igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuqondeni koluntu kwisayensi yophando. Ele akazange asebenzise inzululwazi kuphela, kodwa wayifundisa kwaye wayisasaza, ekhuthaza izizukulwana zeengcali ezizayo.

Ubukho bakhe enkundleni babusoloko bulindelwe, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yobunzulu bolwazi lwakhe lobugcisa, kodwa nangenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukuveza ubungqina ngendlela ecacileyo nekholisayo. Impembelelo yomsebenzi wakhe ayinakuphikiswa, ibe nefuthe kuphando nezilingo ezininzi kumashumi eminyaka, kwaye ukuqondwa kobuchule bakhe kunabela kwihlabathi liphela.

Ilifa kwi-O.J. Simpson ityala kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho

Henry C. Lee’s inxaxheba “Século Trial” ebandakanya u-O.J. Como ingqina elikhuselayo, Lee liphakamise amathandabuzo malunga nokuqokelelwa nokuphathwa kobungqina ngamapolisa, ingakumbi iglovu enegazi edumileyo efunyenwe kwindawo yexhwayelo. Sua uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nemibuzo malunga nemfezeko yobungqina ibibalulekile kwingxelo yokhuselo, ecebisa ukosuleleka okunokwenzeka okanye ukutyalwa kobungqina.

Ibinzana elithi “Ukuba ayifaneleki, kufuneka ukhulule”, yatsho enye yamagqwetha akhuselayo, yabhalwa kwimemori yoluntu, kodwa yayiyi-Lee yobuchwephesha obubonelela ngesiseko sesayensi malunga namathandabuzo akhoyo. Ele iqaqambise ukungangqinelani kumaxwebhu kunye nokugcinwa kwemizila, efana neentsinga zekhaphethi kunye namabala egazi, ezinokuthi zithotyelwe.

Ukongeza kwityala le-Simpson, i-Lee iye yabandakanyeka kumawaka ophando, ezinye zazo zibe neziphumo ezinkulu. Entre, ukufa kukaJonBenét Ramsey, ityala lokubulawa kuka-Scott Peterson kunye nokuphinda kuphandwe ngokubulawa kukaMongameli Kwimeko nganye kwezi, ubuchwephesha bakhe babubalulekile ekuhlalutyeni ubungqina kunye nokubonelela ngeembono ezintsha.

Indlela yakhe yokwenza izinto kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukufumana iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezintsonkothileyo zimenze waba yingcaphephe efunwa ngabatshutshisi nabakhuseli. Ele ibisoloko igxininisa ukubaluleka kophando olucokisekileyo kunye nokutolikwa okuchanekileyo kobungqina, ngaphandle kokubandlulula.

Igalelo kwinzululwazi yanamhlanje yophando

UHenry C. Lee wayengaphezulu kwengcaphephe yenkundla; wayengumfundisi-ntsapho kunye nentshayelelo eyayibumba inzululwazi yophando lwale mihla. I-Ele yaseka kwaye yalathisa i-Instituto ukusuka ku-Ciência Forense ukusuka ku-Universidade ukusuka ku-New Haven, ukuyiguqula ibe liziko lehlabathi lokugqwesa kuqeqesho nophando. Sob ubunkokeli balo, iziko eliqeqeshelwe izizukulwana zenzululwazi yezobungcwalisa ezisebenza namhlanje kwii-arhente ezahlukeneyo kunye neelebhu.

Umsebenzi wakhe wawugubungela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zophando lwasenkundleni, ukusuka kuhlalutyo lweminwe kunye ne-ballistics ukuya ekwakhiweni kwendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nohlalutyo lwegazi. Ele yapapasha amakhulukhulu amanqaku kunye neencwadi zenzululwazi, inegalelo elikhulu kuncwadi kwindawo kwaye isasaza ulwazi, kude kube ngoko, luthintelwe kwiingcaphephe ezimbalwa.

U-Lee naye wayengummeli ongadinwayo wokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho, esoloko efuna iindlela ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo zokuhlalutya ubungqina. Ele wayekholelwa ukuba inzululwazi kufuneka ibekwinkonzo yobulungisa, kwaye into entsha yayingundoqo ekuphuculeni ukukwazi ukusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ilifa lakhe lemfundo nophando liyintsika kuluntu lwasenkundleni, kunye neethiyori zakhe kunye nezenzo ezifundwayo kwaye zisetyenziswe ngabafundi kunye neengcali kwihlabathi liphela. Impembelelo yayo ekumiseleni iinkqubo kunye nokwandisa ubungqongqo bezenzululwazi kuphando ixabiseke kakhulu.

Uhambo lovulindlela

Wazalelwa e-Rudong, kwiphondo le-Jiangsu, China, ngo-1938, Henry C. Lee wayenomntwana ophawulwe yimingeni. U-Ele wafudukela ku-Taiwan kwaye, kamva, waya ku-Estados Unidos, apho waqala khona uhambo lwakhe olumangalisayo lwezemfundo kunye nobungcali. Sua Ukuzinikela kwizifundo nenzululwazi kwabonakala kwasebutsheni, kuhlahlela indlela yekhondo elinempembelelo yehlabathi.

U-Lee wafumana isidanga sakhe se-bachelor kwisayensi yamapolisa e-Central Police College ye-Taiwan, kwaye emva kokufudukela e-U.S., wafumana i-Ph.D yakhe. kwi-biochemistry esuka kwi-Universidade ye-Nova York. Essa uqeqesho lwezifundo ezininzi lwalubalulekile kwindlela yakhe ehlangeneyo neyilwayo kwinzululwazi yophando, ukudibanisa ulwazi lwekhemistri, ibhayoloji kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho.

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Waqala umsebenzi wakhe e-Estados Unidos njengenjingalwazi kwi-Universidade ye-New Haven, apho wathi ngokukhawuleza wagqama ngokuthanda kwakhe ukufundisa nophando. X__NM3__Isakhono sikaX sokuguqulela iikhonsepthi ezintsonkothileyo kulwimi olufikelelekayo kwamenza waba ngumcebisi okhuthazayo kuninzi lwabafundi bakhe, ababembona njengomzekelo wokugqwesa nokuzinikela.

Ukunyuka kwakhe kwintsimi yenzululwazi ye-forensic kwakuyi-meteoric, eqhutywa yinkxalabo engapheliyo kunye nokuzinikela okungagungqiyo kwinyaniso. Lee ayizange isebenzise inzululwazi kuphela kwiimeko ezisebenzayo, kodwa iphinde ibe negalelo kwindaleko yethiyori, iphuhlisa ubuchwephesha obutsha kunye nemigaqo eyaba yireferensi.

Ukuwongwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kunye namawonga

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, u-Henry C. Lee ufumene amawonga amaninzi kunye namawonga ngokuqaphela igalelo lakhe kwinzululwazi yophando nobulungisa. Ele uwongwe ngewonga lobugqirha kwiidyunivesithi ezininzi kwaye ube lilungu lamaziko emfundo yenzululwazi amaninzi kunye nemibutho yobungcali kwihlabathi jikelele. Umsebenzi we-Seu wamkelwa ngokubanzi luluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, olwambona njengonozakuzaku wenzululwazi yophando.

Ukuzinikela kwakhe akuzange kuphelele kwi-Estados Unidos, usebenze njengomcebisi kwii-arhente zogcino mthetho kunye noorhulumente kumazwe angaphezu kwama-46. Lee ithathe inxaxheba kuphando olubalulekileyo kumazwekazi amaninzi, inceda ukusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho nokomeleza iinkqubo zobulungisa kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zomthetho. Ele ibisoloko igxininisa universality yemigaqo yenzululwazi, nokuba imida yejografi.

Ukukwazi kwakhe ukusebenzisana namaqela ahlukeneyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa neenyaniso ezahlukeneyo zomthetho kuye kwamenza ukuba abe ngumthombo oxabisekileyo kuluntu lwehlabathi. Lee ishiye ilifa lentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, ebonisa ukuba inzululwazi inokugqithela njani imiqobo ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko nobulungisa.

Impembelelo yophando lwakhe kunye nendlela yokusebenza iyaqhubeka ifundwa kwaye isetyenziswe ziingcali kwihlabathi liphela, ziqinisa isimo sakhe njengomntu wasentsomini. Impembelelo yakhe iya kuhlala kwizizukulwana ezininzi, esebenza njengesibane kwabo bafuna inyaniso ngenzululwazi.

Lee ifilosofi kubungqina

UHenry C. Lee ebesoloko ewukhusela umgaqo othi “bonke ubungqina bubalulekile”, nokuba buncinci kangakanani na. Ele wayekholelwa ukuba zonke iifayibha, zonke ithontsi legazi, umkrwelo ngamnye, nokuba ubonakala ungabalulekanga kangakanani na, unokubamba isitshixo sokusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho. Essa ifilosofi yamkhokelela ekubeni aphuhlise iindlela zokuhlalutya ezineenkcukacha ezithe zaguqula indlela ekwenziwa ngayo iziganeko zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ku-Lee, umsebenzi wenzululwazi yezophando wawufana nokudibanisa iphazili entsonkothileyo, apho iqhekeza ngalinye libalulekile kumfanekiso wokugqibela. Sua indlela yokusebenza ibandakanya uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo kunye nohlalutyo olunzulu, kungashiyi nto inokwenzeka. Ele wayesaziwa ngomonde wakhe nokuzingisa, ukuchitha iiyure, ngamanye amaxesha iintsuku, ephonononga ubungqina.

Kwakhona wagxininisa ukubaluleka kokungakhethi buso, esithi isazinzulu senzululwazi kufuneka silandele ubungqina naphi na apho sikhokelela khona, ngaphandle kokunikezela kuxinzelelo lwangaphandle okanye ucalucalulo. Essa imfezeko yezenzululwazi yayiluphawu lomsebenzi wakhe kunye nomzekelo kubo bonke abasebenza endle.

Ukuvalelisa kwintsomi yenkundla

Ukuhamba kwe-Henry C. Lee kushiya isithuba kwinzululwazi yehlabathi jikelele kunye noluntu lwezomthetho. Sua ubomi babububungqina bamandla enzululwazi kubulungisa kunye nokuzinikela komntu ekufuneni inyaniso.

Akayi kukhunjulwa kuphela ngenxa yempumelelo yakhe ephawulekayo enkundleni, kodwa nangomdla wakhe wokufundisa nokukhuthaza.