Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, in the United States, revealed in a study an innovative method so that the brain can restore itself without the need for sleep. The discovery, presented on July 8 in the journal Nature Neuroscience, used artificial stimuli in mice to alleviate brain exhaustion.
How the stimulation of neurons occurred in a laboratory environment
The team of scientists conducted the study by keeping mice awake for five hours. They then applied a sophisticated technique known as optogenetics, directing stimuli to neurons in specific areas of the cerebral cortex.
Through this light stimulation, patterns of neural activity were induced that resemble those of deep sleep, achieving the purpose of providing rest to brain tissue without the need to fall asleep.
Subsequent mapping indicated a decreased demand for recovery in the brain areas that were activated. This means that these cortical circuits were able to enjoy part of the benefits of rest, even when the animals were awake.
Experts who actively participated in the execution of the project
The project brought together several experts dedicated to understanding synaptic homeostasis, a mechanism that regulates connections between neurons. Conducting the study involved the following specific functions:
On the same topic: Researchers develop super-potent vitamin K to regenerate brain neurons
- Science experts: mapped cortical field potentials and genetic adaptations in animals.
- Research team: monitored the EEG (Electroencephalogram) and assessed the strength of slow waves at the delta frequency.
- Study writers: focused on analyzing the effects on memory and planning future investigations for the area of recovery medicine.
Assessment of the direct influence on the memory capacity of animals
In the deep sleep stage, neurons oscillate between moments of intense activity, called “on” periods, and brief lapses of inactivity, “off” periods. This synchrony is essential to reduce synaptic strength indicators, avoiding saturation and contributing to the solidification of memory.
To test this retention capacity, the experiment subjected the mice to a learning activity. Those who were kept awake, but underwent bilateral inactivity induction in the sensorimotor cortex, performed the same as those who rested conventionally.
The data obtained suggests that the brain’s recovery mechanisms are linked to the electrical activity of neurons, and not necessarily to the state of complete sleep. It is important to note, however, that the methodology currently used is invasive and requires genetic alterations. The next phase of research will focus on evaluating less invasive approaches for application in humans.