A celestial spectacle is scheduled for this Sunday (21), when the second solar eclipse of 2025 will occur, bringing an astronomical phenomenon that promises to captivate observers in specific parts of the planet. Starting at 2:30 PM (Brasília time), the event will be partially visible in regions such as New Zealand, the east coast of Australia, some Pacific islands, and parts of Antarctica. In Brazil, the phenomenon cannot be observed directly, but a live stream by the Time and Date portal will allow Brazilians to follow the event in real time. This eclipse, though partial, reinforces humanity’s fascination with cosmic movements and the importance of digital platforms in democratizing access to astronomy.
The astronomical event is another chapter in the celestial dance between the Sun, Moon, and Earth, which occurs regularly and sparks global curiosity. Unlike a total eclipse, which turns day into night, a partial eclipse creates a peculiar image, as if the Moon is taking a “bite” out of the Sun. For those interested, the phenomenon offers an opportunity to better understand celestial alignments and the technological advancements that enable real-time observation. Below are some points highlighting what makes this event unique:
- Limited visibility: Only certain regions in the southern hemisphere will be able to observe the eclipse directly.
- Global streaming: Portals like Time and Date ensure real-time access to the phenomenon.
- Eclipse frequency: Partial eclipses occur at least twice a year, according to NASA.
- Cultural impact: Celestial phenomena continue to inspire scientists and enthusiasts worldwide.
What defines a partial eclipse
The partial solar eclipse this Sunday (21) occurs when the Moon positions itself between the Earth and the Sun, but without perfect alignment. This results in a shadow that covers only part of the solar disk, creating the impression of a “bite” in the star. The phenomenon is divided into three distinct phases: the beginning, when the Moon starts to cover the Sun; the maximum, when the coverage reaches its peak; and the end, when the Moon moves away, revealing the Sun. This event will not be visible in Brazil due to its geographical position, but its online streaming expands access to distant audiences.
NASA explains that partial solar eclipses are relatively common, occurring at least twice a year in different parts of the planet. Unlike total eclipses, which require precise alignment and are rare in the same location, partial eclipses happen when the Moon’s central shadow, called the umbra, does not touch the Earth’s surface. This causes the phenomenon to be perceived only as a partial reduction in sunlight. For observers in New Zealand and Antarctica, the event will be an opportunity to witness the interaction between celestial bodies in real time.
Privileged regions for observation
Not all parts of the world will have the chance to observe the eclipse directly. The visibility areas include the east coast of Australia, where the phenomenon will be seen in cities like Sydney, as well as Pacific islands such as Fiji and Samoa, and remote parts of Antarctica. In these regions, the eclipse will begin around 2:30 PM (Brasília time), with variations depending on the local time zone. The event’s duration may vary but generally lasts a few hours, with the moment of maximum solar coverage, known as the maximum magnitude, being the highlight for spectators.
Geographical location plays a crucial role in eclipse observation. Areas near the poles, such as Antarctica, often have a higher likelihood of witnessing partial eclipses due to the tilt of the Moon’s orbit. For residents of these regions, the phenomenon will serve as a reminder of the vastness of the cosmos. However, even in privileged locations, observation requires precautions:
- Solar protectors: Special glasses or solar filters are essential to avoid eye damage.
- Appropriate equipment: Telescopes with solar filters ensure safe and detailed observation.
- Weather conditions: Clear skies are ideal for a complete experience.
- Local timing: Time zone adjustments are necessary to follow the event in real time.
The science behind the phenomenon
Solar eclipses occur due to the alignment, or near alignment, of the Sun, Moon, and Earth. In the case of a partial eclipse, the Moon casts a partial shadow, called the penumbra, which reaches Earth without fully blocking the Sun. This phenomenon results from the Moon’s elliptical orbit and the tilt of its path relative to Earth’s orbital plane. NASA notes that partial eclipses are more common than total ones because they do not require perfect alignment, making them visible over larger areas of the planet.
The frequency of solar eclipses is well-documented. On average, two to five solar eclipses occur per year, with partial ones being the most frequent. This Sunday’s event is the second of 2025, following a previous eclipse that was also partial in some regions. For scientists, these phenomena provide opportunities to study the solar atmosphere and orbital movements. Additionally, technological advancements allow telescopes and satellites to capture high-resolution images, enhancing understanding of the Sun’s behavior.
How to follow the eclipse in Brazil
Although Brazil is not in the eclipse’s visibility zone, technology makes it possible to follow the event from anywhere. The Time and Date portal, known for its broadcasts of astronomical phenomena, will offer live coverage starting at 2:30 PM (Brasília time). The stream will include real-time images captured from locations like New Zealand and Australia, allowing Brazilians an immersive experience. Other platforms, such as astronomy channels on YouTube, may also provide event streams.
For astronomy enthusiasts, watching the eclipse online is a practical and safe alternative. Additionally, many scientific institutions share educational materials during these events, explaining the phenomenon’s details. Below are some options for enjoying the eclipse in Brazil:
- Live streaming: Portals like Time and Date offer free streaming.
- Astronomy apps: Stellarium and SkySafari help understand celestial positioning.
- Online communities: Amateur astronomer groups share tips and images.
- Educational materials: NASA websites provide guides on solar eclipses.
Curiosities about solar eclipses
Solar eclipses have fascinated humanity for centuries, recorded in various cultures as events of mystical or scientific significance. In the past, ancient peoples interpreted these phenomena as omens, while today they are studied with precision by modern science. This Sunday’s eclipse, though partial, underscores the importance of continued exploration of the universe. Some curiosities highlight the impact of eclipses:
- Ancient history: Civilizations like the Mayans recorded eclipses with precision.
- Effect on wildlife: Animals may alter behaviors during eclipses, mistaking day for night.
- Scientific advances: Eclipses helped confirm theories like Einstein’s general relativity.
- Future frequency: In 2026, a total eclipse will be visible in parts of Europe.
This Sunday’s event (21) is an opportunity to reignite interest in astronomy, especially among younger audiences. Even from a distance, Brazilians can connect with the cosmos through technology, following a phenomenon that unites science, culture, and human curiosity.